Access control is a method of restricting access to sensitive data. Only those that have had their identity verified can access company data through an access control gateway. At a high level, access control is about restricting access to a resource. Any access control system, whether physical or logical, has five main components: Access control can be split into two groups designed to improve physical security or cybersecurity: For example, an organization may employ an electronic control system that relies on user credentials, access card readers, intercom, auditing and reporting to track which employees have access and have accessed a restricted data center. This system may incorporate an access control panel that can restrict entry to individual rooms and buildings, as well as sound alarms, initiate lockdown procedures and prevent unauthorized access. This access control system could authenticate the person's identity with biometrics and check if they are authorized by checking against an access control policy or with a key fob, password or personal identification number (PIN) entered on a keypad. Another access control solution may employ multi factor authentication, an example of a defense in depth security system, where a person is required to know something (a password), be something (biometrics) and have something (a two-factor authentication code from smartphone mobile apps). In general, access control software works by identifying an individual (or computer), verifying they are who they claim to be, authorizing they have the required access level and then storing their actions against a username, IP address or other audit system to help with digital forensics if needed. Why is Access Control Important?Access control minimizes the risk of authorized access to physical and computer systems, forming a foundational part of information security, data security and network security. Depending on your organization, access control may be a regulatory compliance requirement:
What are the Types of Access Control?The main types of access control are:
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