Current nuclear reactors use nuclear fission to generate power. In nuclear fission, you get energy from splitting one atom into two atoms. In a conventional nuclear reactor, high-energy neutrons split heavy atoms of uranium, yielding large amounts of energy, radiation and radioactive wastes that last for long periods (see How Nuclear Power Works). In nuclear fusion, you get energy when two atoms join together to form one. In a fusion reactor, hydrogen atoms come together to form helium atoms, neutrons and vast amounts of energy. It's the same type of reaction that powers hydrogen bombs and the sun. This would be a cleaner, safer, more efficient and more abundant source of power than nuclear fission. There are several types of fusion reactions. Most involve the isotopes of hydrogen called deuterium and tritium:
Conceptually, harnessing nuclear fusion in a reactor is a no-brainer. But it has been extremely difficult for scientists to come up with a controllable, nondestructive way of doing it. To understand why, we need to look at the necessary conditions for nuclear fusion.
Scientists in the US and Europe have achieved new milestones in the journey toward creating self-sustaining nuclear fusion energy. Image: via REUTERS Discover What's the World Economic Forum doing about the transition to clean energy? Nuclear fusion is the holy grail of clean energy. Image: Renato PerilloLicense and Republishing World Economic Forum articles may be republished in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License, and in accordance with our Terms of Use. The views expressed in this article are those of the author alone and not the World Economic Forum. Related topics: EnergyChemical and Materials Industry |