When writing a message is it important to provide as much information as possible to make the document thorough and useable group start?

Skimming and scanning are two very different strategies for speed reading.  They are each used for different purposes, and they are not meant to be used all the time. They are at the fast end of the speed reading range, while studying is at the slow end. People who know how to skim and scan are flexible readers. They read according to their purpose and get the information they need quickly without wasting time. They do not read everything which is what increases their reading speed. Their skill lies in knowing what specific information to read and which method to use.

What Is Skimming?

Skimming is one of the tools you can use to read more in less time. Skimming refers to looking only for the general or main ideas, and works best with non-fiction (or factual) material. With skimming, your overall understanding is reduced because you don’t read everything. You read only what is important to your purpose. Skimming takes place while reading and allows you to look for details in addition to the main ideas.

How to skim

Many people think that skimming is a haphazard process placing the eyes where ever they fall. However, to skim effectively, there has to be a structure but you don’t read everything. What you read is more important than what you leave out. So what material do you read and what material do you leave out?

Let’s say you are doing research on a long chapter or a web site. By reading the first few paragraphs in detail, you will get a good idea of what information will be discussed. Once you know where the reading is headed, you can begin to read only the first sentence of each paragraph. Also called topic sentences, they give you the main idea of the paragraph. If you do not get the main idea in the topic sentence or if the paragraph greatly interests you, then you may want to skim more.

At the end of each topic sentence, your eyes should drop down through the rest of the paragraph, looking for important pieces of information, such as names, dates, or events. Continue to read only topic sentences, dropping down through the rest of the paragraphs, until you are near the end. Since the last few paragraphs may contain a conclusion or summary, you should stop skimming there and read in detail. Remember that your overall comprehension will be lower than if you read in detail. If while skimming, you feel you are grasping the main ideas, then you are skimming correctly.

When to skim

Because skimming is done at a fast speed with less-than-normal comprehension, you shouldn’t skim all the time. There are many times, however, when skimming is very useful.

Suppose you are taking a presentation skills class and have to deliver an oral report in a few days about the first computers ever made. You locate six books and four newspaper articles about this topic. Because you must be ready soon, you do not have time to read each word, but you need a large quantity of solid information.

Skimming will help you locate the information quickly while making sure you use your time wisely. It will also increase the amount of usable material you obtain for your research.

Suppose you have an exam in a few days. You need to review the material you learned, but you don’t want to reread everything. By skimming, you can quickly locate the information you haven’t mastered yet and study only that material.

While reading, ask yourself the following questions to help you decide whether or not to skim. If you answer yes to any of these, then skimming is a useful tool.

■    Is this material non-fiction?

■    Do I have a lot to read and only a small amount of time?

■    Do I already know something about this?

■    Can any of the material be skipped?

If you have sufficient background knowledge or believe you don’t need the information, then skip it! That’s right—don’t read it at all! Believe it or not, skipping material may sometimes be the best use of your time. Just because someone wrote something doesn’t mean you have to read it.  If you pick and choose carefully what you skim and skip, you will be pleasantly surprised at the large amount of information you can get through in a short period of time. 

What Is Scanning?

Scanning is another useful tool for speeding up your reading. Unlike skimming, when scanning, you look only for a specific fact or piece of information without reading everything. You scan when you look for your favorite show listed in the cable guide, for your friend’s phone number in a telephone book, and for the sports scores in the newspaper. For scanning to be successful, you need to understand how your material is structured as well as comprehend what you read so you can locate the specific information you need. Scanning also allows you to find details and other information in a hurry.

How to scan

Because you already scan many different types of material in your daily life, learning more details about scanning will be easy. Establishing your purpose, locating the appropriate material, and knowing how the information is structured before you start scanning is essential.

The material you scan is typically arranged in the following ways: alphabetically, chronologically, non-alphabetically, by category, or textually. Alphabetical information is arranged in order from A to Z, while chronological information is arranged in time or numerical order.

Information can be also be arranged in non- alphabetical order, such as a television listing, or by category, listings of like items such as an auto parts catalog. Sometimes information is located within the written paragraphs of text, also known as a textual sense, as in an encyclopedia entry.

Learning to use your hands while scanning is very helpful in locating specific information. Do you do anything with your hands to locate a word in a dictionary? To find a meeting time on your calendar? To read a train or bus schedule? Using your hand or finger is extremely helpful in focusing your attention and keeping your place while scanning a column of material.  Your peripheral vision can also help you scan effectively. When your hand moves down a list of names, you see not only the name your finger is pointing to, but also the names above and below. Let your eyes work for you when searching for information.

Keep the concept of key words in mind while scanning. Your purpose will determine the key words. Suppose you are looking for the time a train leaves from New York City for Washington, D.C. The key words to keep in mind are “from New York City” and “to Washington, D.C.” If you are looking for the cost of a computer printer with the code number PX-710, the key word to locate in a list of many printers is “PX-710.”

When to scan

You scan when your aim is to find specific pieces of information. If you were doing the research for an oral presentation, you could scan the index of books, web sites, and reference materials. You would discover whether they contain any information you want and the pages where the information can be found.

In the past, you probably scanned without knowing you were doing it. Now with the information provided in this section, you can use scanning more intentionally and frequently. The more you practice, the more effective scanning will become. Finally, the most important benefit of scanning is its ability to help you become a more flexible reader. Scanning adds another high gear to your reading.

Because you may be used to reading every word and may be uncomfortable leaving some words out, you need to give yourself permission to overlook some words by skimming, scanning, and skipping material according to your reading purpose. I give you permission to NOT read everything! 

Retrieved from http://www.howtolearn.com/2013/02/skimming-and-scanning-two-important-strategies-for-speeding-up-your-reading/

Whether starting a business or trying to improve an existing one, you have to understand how things will get done. Writing standard operating procedures can seem complicated on the surface, but with some thought, the process can be easy.

Start by answering the following questions: What tasks do you need to do? Who needs to do them? What are the best ways to approach these tasks?

This will be your first step toward systemizing your business. Consequently, creating processes and workflows will define how your day-to-day activities function.

One popular approach is the creation of SOPs (standard operating procedures). But what exactly are SOPs?

Read through these sections to get clued up:

What is an SOP?

The simple definition provided by IBM for standard operating procedures is:

“Instructions describing the steps and activities of a process or procedure.”

Simple.

But how do we create these SOPs?

We need standard operating procedures for creating standard operating procedures – and some standard operating procedure software. And that’s what we’re going to give you.

Writing standard operating procedures: A quick how-to guide

You can choose from several formats when defining how you’ll structure and present your standard operating procedures. In fact, the international standard you probably use if you work in a large company is ISO 9000, or some variant of that.

You don’t need to follow international rules to create a suitable procedure though. Here’s a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) Template Structure for writing a single procedure with all the benefits of being compliant with the highest international standards for big businesses while also being simple, easy to edit, and collaborative.

Use ISO 9000 for serious procedures

As we go forward with the article, we’ll be keeping things broadly in line with ISO 9000, but we’ll also build on that foundation.

A solopreneur might want something a little different, and as good as the ISO method is for documenting SOPs, it has limitations regarding how actionable it is. Although this may be true, we’ll look to improve on that using tools and tech!

For anyone who wants to stick as closely as possible to the ISO 9000 structure, I’ve built this ISO-9000 Structure Template that you can start using right now to create a procedure manual. The template adheres to the ISO 9001:2015 Quality Mini-Manual standards.

Use a business process management system

Using Process Street to help you build SOPs according to ISO-9000 allows you to follow those procedures interactively. Two birds, one business process management system.

Which format you choose to work with will be dependent on several factors. In particular, if you work for a large multinational, you’ll need to have standard operating procedures which adhere to the company’s internal policies and standardizations. But if you’re a solopreneur, you may want to have a much simpler layout of your SOPs for your reference.

There are three main approaches to take:

1. Create a simple checklist

You can write a simple checklist that outlines the different tasks involved and looks more like a to-do list than a report.

This approach benefits the solopreneur, or small teams, who don’t require detailed instructions. In fact, this approach offers a speedy option. It allows people to create standard operating procedures when they perform new tasks – rapidly noting down the steps they took for future reference.

As a result, this flexibility can aid startups in trying new things regularly.

The burden of this approach is that the lack of detail results in problems when trying to analyze the process. In other words, optimization and improvement are harder to attain without recorded facts.

2. Create a complex linear checklist

It doesn’t have to be too complicated, but this should be like a beefed-up version of the above.

This checklist should record as much detail in the process as possible. You can consider whether a single task requires a sub-checklist of other tasks to spell it out. You can understand how you will document workflows when tasks involve multiple people and how they will fit together. For one thing, including detail means you have more variables to iterate when optimizing the process.

3. Create watertight processes

This approach is the one favored by us at Process Street. Our goal is to have processes so watertight that anyone could take over the task and be able to complete it.

For this reason, we improved our customer support process using this method. When we hired new staff members, we gave them this checklist with detailed instructions and explanations and gave them level one support in their first week.

If they found something difficult or couldn’t understand it, there was a problem in the process. This system built optimization into the execution of the process. Without a detailed process to begin with, it wouldn’t have been possible.

4. Map out a process flow diagram

A flow diagram is a valuable means of visualizing your standard operating procedures and understanding how the constituent parts come together to form a coherent whole. In other words, flow diagrams are less actionable than a linear structured checklist.

However, flow diagrams are handy for the communication of processes. A process flow chart will help you explain your process structures to others while easing the analysis of a process when you come to iterate and improve.

This article will discuss the methods to construct a detailed checklist. This approach results in well-documented processes while also providing highly actionable instructions. In particular, it’s great for remote teams and those working on the ground.

Step 2: Gather the relevant stakeholders

We’re firm believers in the power of collaborative creation.

Suppose you create standard operating procedures for particular tasks, processes, or workflows. In that case, you should probably contact the people who will be or are already responsible for those duties.

If you’re a manager and have a team of people working each day on a set of tasks, you’ll want to understand the thoughts of your team in regards to best practices. After all, these are the people you pay to perform these recurring tasks daily. Teamwork is vital for any business.

Building processes collaboratively results in more:

It also provides a sense of ownership – over the process – for the people following it. By working in this manner, the process feels like less of an order and more of an agreement.

Check out the video below to see how Mainline Autobody uses Process Street to build and follow their processes collaboratively:

What are you looking to achieve as you build these standard operating procedures? Are they brand new?

In this case, you’re trying to create systems that function. But you also want them to perform well. That is to say; the SOP priorities must align with the business’s priorities.

Consider a few more points if you’re looking to produce standard operating procedures covering existing processes and workflows.

What are your pain points?

Where are your existing processes letting you down, and what can you do to change that?

Maybe you don’t know, so to investigate – you start documenting. Or, more likely, you’ve recognized that the current system is too slow or the final product is not consistently high quality.

Moreover, you have a pain point that you wish to target.

Case study: iQ Food Co

We spoke to one of our Process Street users who runs a chain of healthy restaurants across Canada called iQ Food Co about how they approached process management. He told us a story about a process-related pain point he had experienced. Payroll kept going wrong, and there were always mistakes.

He created a detailed process breakdown of the tasks involved to tackle this. As an illustration, he had the tasks followed in order every time. Consequently, he responded to the poor quality with clarity and detail – making the process longer if necessary.

Displaying a sense of humor, he told us: “We have eliminated 100% of mistakes.”

If you’re having trouble figuring out the root cause of pain points and why these pain points are occurring, try the 5 Whys Checklist Template.

Step 4: Determine the structure of your SOP

A large company’s standard operating procedures will be in a formal report.

The typical approach includes a cover page in the report with the title and relevant reference details. In addition, before starting with the processes, there should be a list of chapters inside.

If you work in a startup or a small company, this level of formality isn’t needed. Although this is a common-sense approach, following the set structure is sound.

We’ve constructed our export features within the Process Street platform to deal with this and present the online processes report-style when exported to Microsoft Word. This way, we can operate our processes with the platform’s flexibility while also giving clients who need it the ability to save processes as PDFs for reference purposes in line with ISO-9000.

Step 5: Prepare the scope of the procedure

If you’re forming a set of standard operating procedures for a particular aspect of a marketing content team’s work, you should be focusing on them and their needs. Similarly, learn where to draw the line to stop you from wandering into other groups or departments.

You can discuss how a workflow may span multiple teams, but you should know from the beginning whether that is the case or not. Likewise, define the limits of your investigation, or you’ll end up with mission creep.

With what are you dealing? What action initiates the process on which you’re working? What action finishes the process on which you’re working? With this in mind, define your scope.

Step 6: Use a consistent style

Again, if you’re working for a large multinational, everything you do will be more formal than Gary and his startup of one.

Whether you’re going to be using formal language depends on your professional setting. For this reason, we’ve built up some tips and tricks over time, broad suggestions applicable in all scenarios.

1. Start with action commands. Always use a verb at the beginning of a statement for a task.
2. This kind of language clarifies what you must do and packs a punch.
3. Be concise. Convey vital information only in your SOPs report. To clarify, talk to the air rather than the reader.
4. Make it scannable. Usually, this might be considered blog writing advice. But when listing detailed instructions for a particular task within the workflow, put the actionable sections first and follow with the explanation. In addition, don’t make readers sift through paragraphs of text every time they want to follow the SOPs.

Step 7: Use correct notation, if applicable

No one says you have to use BPMN or any variation thereof, but systems like that are helpful if you’re in a corporate environment or one where you have to work closely with people from other companies. Think of tools like BPMN as universal languages, the Esperanto of business process management.

You may be able to employ some of these mapping techniques and methodologies later in the process if they’re visual rather than textual.

Step 8: Work out all the necessary steps of the process

Now it’s time to put in the hard graft.

Collaboratively walk through the process from start to finish, noting every step taken along the way. Equally, allow for input and discussion across your team. Furthermore, try to record any suggested actions.

Then, once you have the foundation of the process, go through and look at each task. Additionally, consider if you should add sub-tasks to give more detail.

This extra detail is essential to make an easy-to-follow process. Within Process Street, you can create subtasks within tasks to tackle this need. To clarify, subtasks provide a simple way to make a process appear straightforward while adding actionable detail.

Step 9: Try to assess potential problems in the process

Consider whether things can go wrong once you have your process on paper. And if they can go wrong, where would that failure likely happen?

You can run the calculations if you’re using your SOPs to govern a manufacturing process, which can be accounted for easily by numbers. For instance, maybe your process results in high output in terms of production but puts a strain on distribution? You know your business better than I do and can make those assessments.

Case study: Process Street

We noticed that in-depth articles created a degree of risk in our content creation process.

The most significant threat we faced was that we would miss a deadline. We would likely make the deadline, but this would cause other problems. For example, there might be minor editing and rewriting, which would pose a risk of reducing quality.

Regardless, we tackled this by simply attaching earlier submission deadlines to articles. In effect, the whole team can work one or two weeks ahead of schedule, minimizing risk. Sometimes the most effective changes to a process can be some of the most simple.

Step 10: Determine metrics against which the SOPs can be judged

To know whether your process is performing well or poorly, you need metrics against which to judge it.

Generally, it is not enough to assume the process is working. We need to understand how it is performing to optimize it.

If you’re constructing SOPs for a sales process, you may be looking at metrics like:

• How many generated leads are there per week?
• What is the average length of a sales call?
• How many conversions are we getting each week?
• What are our sales totals per week?

Once you’ve established what questions you’re asking, you can act upon them. For example, how were you performing against these questions previously? Has the new process improved these numbers? Towards what long-term targets should your staff work?

Once you have the metrics defined, you can assess the performance of the process and evaluate the performance concerning the company’s broader goals.

Step 11: Test the process

It’s time for the moment of truth.

Now that you’ve defined your standard operating procedures, you can put them into practice. How you implement them is up to you, and it depends on your available resources.

Maybe, to continue with the sales example given above, you have a sales team of ten, and you set three people on the new process. Specifically, this controlled test of the new potential SOPs will allow you to gather comparative data on the performance of the two models – existing and new.

Test to perfect

If you’re happy that your new business process is better than the previous one and want to implement it immediately to start iterating, you can test other areas.

For example, we have an internal customer support process I’ve previously mentioned, which we run every time we deal with a customer question.

This process – perfected over time – now functions smoothly and efficiently. One of the methods we used to test how easy it was to follow was to put new hires in the company on level one support in their first week. To clarify, the new employees were given a process and asked to help our customers. This idea was a baptism of fire – not just for the new hire but for the process. The job would be well done regardless of experience if the process were good enough.

Step 12: Send the process to superiors

If you’re running your own company, you may not have any superiors to send your SOPs.

Namely, it’s more about having someone with experience review the standard operating procedures to give you feedback. Furthermore, someone not involved in the collaborative creation process can look for flaws with fresh eyes. If you’re a small business, this could be an investor, someone from your network, or even a valued customer!

If you’re working in a large company, this will likely be a mandated part of your writing SOPs process to seek approval on the work. Under those circumstances, send the results of any testing you have undertaken and the draft SOPs.

Step 13: Clarify the method of optimizing the process

Optimizing the process over time is a crucial step in creating it in the first place. For this reason, the process should be considered a living document.

No process is ever perfect, and nor can it be. However, the processes can be as good as we make them.

We have a simple checklist that can help direct you. Try the Process for Optimizing a Process Template.

Get optimized

Optimizing a process involves a number of the steps we have already covered. Moreover, it’s important to remember that we work as a team. Therefore, the people who follow the process and its weaknesses might find the strength of the process each day. In this case, stay collaborative in the optimization process at all times.

Your key metrics will drive where you’ll optimize. To explain, metrics are how you measure performance and will guide your pursuit of the perfect process.

One of the critical steps to improving the process is to consider integrating other tools and automated components into your workflow. Workflow software that integrates with other platforms can supercharge your operations!

Additional examples

You can check out a few more articles and ebooks related to business process automation here:

Step 14: Run a risk assessment on your process

A risk assessment is an essential part of finalizing any project.

If you’re a software firm, you’ve probably already covered this in one of the above sections where we look at where things go wrong.

However, the risk assessment is even more critical if you’re in manufacturing, transport, or other industries. Explicitly, when you direct people doing something, it’s your responsibility to ensure no one gets hurt during the process.

Don’t overlook safety in favor of speed.

Flow diagrams or workflow maps – or whatever terminology you prefer – can be helpful in many ways:

1. Visual overviews: Sometimes, it’s helpful when presenting information to give visual aids. These aids can scrutinize information from the beginning, improving the clarity of your more detailed written explanation.
2. Help employees understand their role: Flow diagrams give employees a visual understanding of what to do. They also make sure that your employees understand their position. In other words, flow diagrams improve the process and improve employee accountability.

Step 16: Finalize and implement the SOPs

Congratulations!

You’ve completed your new standard operating procedures. In fact, if you’ve followed the process from beginning to end, your SOPs are guaranteed to improve performance. To illustrate:

• You tested your SOPs.
• They have optimization strategies built in.
• You’ve made sure they’re safe.

Using Process Street to implement your SOPs into daily business, you use easy-to-use and trackable practices. In fact, you are also putting provisions in place to tackle any hidden normalization of deviance or any poor processes that may have slowed the company down.

As a matter of fact, I’ve got you covered if you want extra insight into how other SOPs can look.

Examples of Process Street’s fully-written and usable SOPs

As can be seen, below are SOP templates for different industries and sectors. In particular, you can:

Even more resources

If you like the look of these SOP templates, sign up for Process Street. Accordingly, you can add the templates below to your free account and start using them – or make similar ones yourself!

There you have it!

Ensure your SOPs adhere to ISO standards

With Process Street, you can create and write incredible SOPs – easily.

At the same time, if you want to make sure your SOPs are genuinely the best they can be, adhere them to ISO standards. Not to mention, you’re internally and externally certifying them as reliable, high quality, and effective.

Need a helping hand to get them up to the caliber ISO demands?

In summary, I’ve got you covered.

Additional reading materials

Read through the following ISO posts published on Process Street’s blog:

I can’t wait to see the incredible SOPs you’ll write!

Has this guide been helpful for you? How do you approach standard operating procedures in your business? Write down your thoughts in the comment section below. 👇