64.Which of the following set of dimensions comprise the essence of empowerment?a.teamwork, delegation, trust, and autonomyb.meaning, teamwork, competence, and trustc.delegation, trust, competence, and autonomyd.meaning, competence, self-determination, and impactANS:DPTS:1DIF:HardREF:p. 386oFour dimensions comprise the essence of empowerment: meaning, competence,self-determination, and impact.oMeaning is a fit between the work role and the employee’s values and beliefs. It isthe engine of empowerment that energizes employees about their jobs. Ifemployees’ hearts are not in their work, they cannot feel empowered.oCompetence is the belief that one has the ability to do the job well. Withoutcompetence, employees will feel inadequate and lack a sense of empowerment.oSelf –determination is having control over the way employees do their work.Employees who feel they’re just following orders from the boss cannot feelempowered.oImpact is the belief that one’s job makes a difference within the organization.Without a sense of contributing to a goal, employees cannot feel empowered.Empowerment is easy to advocate but difficult to put into practice.oFirst, managers should express confidence in employees and set high performanceexpectations.oSecond, managers should create opportunities for employees to participate indecision making.oThird, managers should remove bureaucratic constraints that stifle autonomy.oFourth, managers should set inspirational or meaningful goals.Here are five reasons why executives fail:oThey see themselves and their companies as dominating their environments.oThey think they have all the answers.oThey ruthlessly eliminate anyone who isn’t 100 percent behind them.oThey stubbornly rely on what worked form them in the past.oThey have no clear boundaries between their personal interests and corporateinterests.John Kotter argues that managers need to develop power strategies to operate effectively. Guidelines for managing dependence on others and for using power successfully:oUse power in ethical ways.oUnderstand and use all of the various types of power and influence.oSeek jobs that allow you to develop your power skills.oUse power tempered by maturity and self-controloAccept that influencing people is an important part of the management job.
