What is the process of grouping similar or homogeneous customers according to different segments?

With this article you will learn what types of market segmentation exist and how they allow you to correctly direct your marketing efforts to the right audience and ensure the success of your business.

Before getting to the details, we will start with the basics. Below you’ll find the definition of what market segmentation is, and the benefits of this method that helps you know your target audience. Plus, you will also find some examples of the types of segmentation such as behavioural segmentation and more information on how to know if you’re doing a correct segmentation. 

Do you know the types of market segmentation that exist? Market segmentation consists of dividing the market into subsets, creating groups of consumers called segments, which should be as homogeneous as possible, regarding expectations and responses to marketing actions. These also have to be heterogeneous so that the segments are differentiated.

This division of the market into homogeneous groups of individuals allows marketing actions to be better adapted and increase their effectiveness.

What are the types of market segmentation?

A market can be segmented in different ways. Depending on the brand, industry, and available customer information, the grouping will be different. Cross-reference groups can also allow more precise targeting. For example, to focus on women who live in a specific region of a country and who like cars.

The market can be divided according to different types of criteria: geographic, demographic, and psychographic. All these criteria allow you to make selections to distribute. 

For example, surveys to the right segment, making specific offers, or building loyalty plans suitable for your business.

Geographic segmentation:

It means dividing the market into geographic areas with sufficient similarities to be subject to the same marketing actions. It can be a geographic division at an international, national, regional, or local level.

Geographic segmentation is the first step in any international marketing initiative, even if national companies can benefit from local campaigns.

Demographic segmentation: 

Another type of market segmentation is demographic segmentation. It consists of segmenting the market based on variables such as gender, age, height and weight, profession, income, or educational level.

This type of segmentation is the most common. It is rarely used alone because behind a sociodemographic variable such as age or socio-professional category, there are significant disparities. The disadvantage of choosing this option is that sometimes who you are, does not condition what you do or like.

For example, among young people aged 20 to 25, there are young students living at home and young parents who have been working for several years. Both profiles have very different lifestyles, and expectations, in a large number of markets.

Psychographic segmentation:

Another type of market segmentation is psychographic segmentation. It often provides clarity concerning sociodemographic and geographic criteria, leading to a qualitative description of segments. It consists of dividing a market according to lifestyles, values, opinions, or individuals’ personalities. 

This type of market segmentation includes people whose behavior toward the product is homogeneous. We no longer seek to group individuals who would be similar in demographic segmentation. Instead, we aim to group individuals with similar behaviors, attitudes, or reactions to the product category.

Behavioral segmentation

Behavioral segmentation is the process of grouping customers according to their behavior when making purchasing decisions.

Market researchers are in charge of observing aspects such as readiness to buy, i.e., the knowledge they have about the product, level of loyalty, interactions with your brand or product usage experience, etc.

Types of behavioral segmentation

Behavioral segmentation is responsible for grouping consumers as follows:

It refers to when a product is purchased for a particular occasion. It may be repeated or never happens again.

This refers to the number of times the consumer uses the product. It can be heavy, moderate, or minor usage.

This type of segmentation is focused on customer retention rates. When the brand has a high level of loyalty, it does not have to worry about acquiring new customers.

There are certain benefits that people look for when purchasing a product. They look for availability, different varieties, or prices that meet their needs. However, some customers are looking for the product to give them the maximum benefit.

Behavioral segmentation is done to group people who exhibit the same behaviors and target all marketing efforts to a single group.

With this method, companies can promote and market their products effectively, meeting the needs of customers.

Characteristics of good segmentation

Correctly choosing one of the different types of segmentation should ensure that the segments are relevant, accessible, measurable, profitable, and exploitable.

Different types of segmentation don’t meet these requirements in the same way. Sociodemographic criteria make it easier to obtain measurable segments than psychographic criteria.

Multi-criteria segmentations generally lead to a quantitative and objective description of the segment, with criteria leading to a qualitative description of the segment, richer and more relevant but less easy to measure.

How to know if your market segmentation is relevant

A segment must be intrinsically homogeneous. Customers in the same segment must be very similar in the criteria that generated their segmentation (and in as many criteria as possible). Standard deviations should be small (a majority of customers close to the segment average), hence decide among the types of segmentation for markets and which one works best for you.

The segmentation must be operationally feasible: a segmentation can result from very high-quality statistical calculations. Remember that the most obvious criteria are not always the most appropriate.

The market for a product or service is rarely homogeneous, depending on whether customers are individuals, companies, or communities. They have different needs and their buying and consumption habits. You cannot expect to target all consumers effectively and consistently. Instead, the best option is to personalize your offer as much as possible to build customer loyalty.

We all have a natural tendency to target so-called objective criteria, such as income level, type of housing, etc., to build our marketing actions. However, these can often be optimized by more refined segmentation.

If you want to segment your market, it’s because you want to sell something.

Once you answer all these questions, you will have an idea of the scope of your market. Plus, you’ll be able to choose among the different types of segmentation for your market and select the one that suits you best.

Don’t forget that segmentation is about understanding your customers. By combining various sources, you can first identify different segments and then define different groups to create specific buyer profiles.

Data sources can include interviews, surveys, focus groups, sales and CRM data, customer loyalty data, web metrics, reviews, feedback, and social media data.

Remember, QuestionPro can help you create surveys that facilitate your segmentation. Find your niche market using online surveys.

You’ve spent time and money creating the perfect marketing strategy, and you want your message to resonate well with your potential customers, right?

Communication is an art, and it’s incredibly easy for a message to become lost, confused, or avoided altogether as the size of your audience increases. The larger your audience grows, the broader their preferences, needs, and opinions become which can put your marketing message at risk of being irrelevant to the majority of people you’re attempting to reach. 

This is exactly why segmenting your target market is crucial. This practice allows you to focus your marketing efforts on individual customer segments so that you can better cater to their specific wants and needs.

This method gives your brand an advantage over your competitors because you can prove to potential customers that you understand them and know what they need best.

The purpose of market segmentation is to introduce a tailored message that will be received successfully. This is advantageous for companies that may have a product or service in the marketplace that boasts multiple benefits or uses for different types of customers. 

Accept the fact that you can’t be everything for everybody, and as a marketer, you can’t solve everyone’s problem or appeal to every single person. This is exactly why market segmentation is such an effective growth strategy to implement.

Tip: Before you can start with market segmentation, you must have a solid marketing mix. This is your foundation for everything that comes next in this article.

Four types of market segmentation

As you can imagine, there are many different approaches you can take when segmenting your target market.

This article will walk you through the four main types and real-life market segmentation examples to help you get started. Learning from those who have done it right will help your brand garner that success you’re looking for.

Geographic segmentation

Geographic segmentation targets customers based on a predefined geographic border. Differences in interests, values, and preferences vary dramatically throughout cities, states, and countries, so it’s important for marketers to recognize these differences and advertise accordingly.

Think about products such as parkas and bathing suits.

Parkas will be sold for most of the year in the colder, northern half of the country, whereas southern areas may only be able to find parkas in specialty stores during the wintertime. Bathing suits, on the other hand, are sold year-round in the warmer states but typically only sold during the spring and summer in the cooler states.

Another example of geographic segmentation is the iconic fast-food chain, McDonald’s. If you’ve never traveled to another country and stepped foot in a McDonald’s, then you’re in for a surprise!

Would you believe that in the Philippines, McDonald’s sells McSpaghetti? And in Hong Kong, they sell ramen flavored french fries?

These are all ways McDonald’s has segmented its customers based on geographic location to better cater to food preferences and different cuisines around the world. 

“When it comes to paid search campaigns, geographic targeting is the most important segment to get right.”

Ryan Moothart 
PPC Architect, Portent

Demographic segmentation

Demographic segmentation divides a market through variables such as age, gender, education level, family size, occupation, ethnicity, income, and more. This form of segmentation is widely used due to specific products catering to obvious individual needs relating to at least one demographic element.

Perhaps the most obvious variable of them all, age is a crucial element for marketers to understand thanks to the fast-paced nature of preference changes within the various stages of life.

Even media consumption differs greatly between each generation, so it’s important to recognize what your target age range is and which channels they use to consume information to ensure your tailored message reaches them appropriately. 

An example of demographic segmentation is when clothing companies cater to multiple age groups. For instance, Lululemon sells athletic clothing to adult men and women of all ages, but they also cater to girls between the ages of 6 and 15.

By analyzing their current customer base, Lululemon saw an opportunity to serve a new market and expand their business.

Many clothing companies cater to a variety of age groups to reach as many customers as possible. Think H&M, Old Navy, and Zara. All of these companies cater to men, women, and children of all ages, and they have distinct labels, advertising, and styles for each segment. 

Psychographic segmentation

Unlike geographic segmentation and demographic segmentation, psychographic segmentation focuses on the intrinsic traits your target customer possesses.

Psychographic traits can range from values, personalities, interests, attitudes, conscious and subconscious motivators, lifestyles, opinions, and more. 

To understand your target audience on this level, methods such as focus groups, surveys, interviews, audience testing, and case studies can all prove to be successful in compiling this type of conclusion.

Think about the lifestyle of someone who lives in a small beach town and surfs for a living versus someone who lives in a big city working in corporate America. These two people have incredibly different wants and needs on a daily basis, and marketers must recognize those differences to be successful.

For example, Starbucks does a fantastic job of segmenting its customers based on psychographic traits. We all know that not everyone loves coffee or prefers to drink it, but that doesn’t stop Starbucks from appealing to just about everyone.

For the little kids that accompany mom or dad on their morning coffee run, Starbucks sells chocolate milk, cake pops, granola bars, cheese sticks, and more. Of course, those items aren’t strictly for the kids, but those items sure are tempting when you have a fussy one.

What about for those sophisticated coffee drinkers who care about quality and bean sources? Starbucks appeals to them by selling a variety of exotic beans sourced from regions all over the world. And what about those who don’t really drink coffee, but all of their friends do and they enjoy an afternoon hang out at Starbucks? Think frappuccinos, lemonades, teas, and juices. 

It’s one thing to sell products that can appeal to everyone, but it’s a whole new ball game when those products make every single person feel individually catered to. This is what Starbucks does through its messaging by creating a sense of belonging.

They cater to each segments’ wants and needs through targeted marketing campaigns to ensure their coffee brand is inclusive to all, even if you aren’t a coffee drinker.  

“The biggest danger is assuming that your market is perfectly sliced and diced just because you're making sales.”

John Donnachie
Director, ClydeBank Media

Behavioral segmentation

Behavioral segmentation has similar measurements to psychographic segmentation, but instead, it focuses on specific reactions and the ways customers go through their decision making and buying processes. 

Attitudes towards your brand, the way they use and interact with it, and their knowledge base are all examples of behavioral segmentation. Collecting this type of data is similar to the way you would find psychographic data. 

Brand loyalty is an excellent example of behavioral segmentation. While reading this article, I bet that you can think of one brand that you consistently purchase and trust enough to buy its newly launched product without even reading the reviews.

This type of brand loyalty produces a consistent buying pattern which is categorized as a behavioral trait. Marketers work hard to get customers to love and stay loyal to their brand for a consistent purchase cycle.

To target customers that have great brand loyalty, many companies will offer rewards programs to enhance this behavior with the hope of capturing new loyal customers as well.

For example, the makeup and beauty company, Sephora, has an excellent rewards program for its loyal customers. The more you spend at their store, the more points you rack up, which can be redeemed for generous samples. In addition to that, they offer free services, special access to sales, and more! 

By targeting and rewarding those who already had an affinity to their brand, Sephora was able to build an impressive community that their target market wants to be a part of. 

The importance of using market segmentation for your business 

Now that you understand the four major types of market segmentation, you’re probably wondering what the major benefits are to implementing them.

The importance of this strategy goes far beyond placing your target market into cohesive segments. 

Customer retention

For starters, those cohesive customer segments will lead to great customer retention. Capturing customers at the beginning of a perfectly tailored customer journey will provide an excellent brand experience and increase the likelihood that they will stay loyal to your brand.

If every message and product shared with them resonates in some way, they will have a very difficult time saying no to you. 

Grow your business 

Market segmentation can not only help you discover new ways to reach your current customers but also help you find new markets of potential customers that you haven’t previously reached. Analyzing your customers in-depth will help you uncover unknown needs or problems that they face that your brand can solve.

This discovery can lead to new product lines, rebrands, or new brands, all to catapult the growth of your business by appealing to your current customers better, as well as new consumers that were previously uninterested. 

Lower spend rate 

If you know how to speak to your customers correctly, you’re more efficient with your efforts, which means you spend less money. It’s as simple as that.

Gone are the days of your team spinning its wheels trying to come up with something that will stick. By segmenting your customers correctly, you’ll get it right every single time. 

Common market segmentation mistakes 

Now that you understand the basics of market segmentation and have seen it in practice, it’s time to focus on the common mistakes marketers can make when segmenting their target market for the first time.

Creating too small of segments

This can be rather easy to do if you’re trying to ensure that you have every last detail included. If a segment is created too small, you’ll lose the buying power of that group as well as create a segment with non-quantifiable metrics.

At the end of the day, every single person is vastly different. You cannot appeal to every aspect of every person.

Not updating your strategy as your customer base changes

People change, and they can change fast. It’s in your brand’s best interest to refresh its strategy and resurvey its customers from time to time.

Choose a cycle that makes sense for your business and stick to it. This can be a quarterly refresh, yearly, or every couple of years; if you’re seeing big changes within your customers, perform a refresh then, too. 

Targeting the segment instead of the money

You may have segmented a large customer base that aligns with your strategy, but if that segment doesn’t have the buying power or a legitimate need for your product, then you won’t have a positive ROI.

Market segmentation can be a laborious and complicated task, and mistakes in the beginning stages may seem inevitable. Being aware of these common downfalls will better prepare you and your team so you don’t make them in the future.

How to implement your own market segmentation strategy

It’s time to put what you’ve learned to use. Here are five steps that lay the process out simply, plus the two strategies that are most commonly used to guide them. Once you’ve got these basics down and you have a solid foundation for your strategy, branch out, and make it uniquely your own. 

Before getting started, consider using marketing automation software to streamline and measure your efforts effectively. As your strategy becomes more complex and your campaigns grow larger, you’ll be happy with the amount of time and resources you were able to save from having everything automated from the very beginning. 

Concentrated strategy 

As the name suggests, a  concentrated marketing strategy is when a company chooses only one market to focus all of their time, money, and efforts on. This strategy is usually chosen by smaller businesses or those that are just taking off and starting to make a name for themselves in the marketplace.

Success is typically seen when targeting a smaller group of people since the strategy has to appeal to the entire segment. Appealing to an entire segment becomes challenging when the segment is too large.

You should be aware that when using this strategy, your growth opportunity is limited. Once you’ve capitalized on your market and are seeing great success, consider tapping into other similar markets to continue to drive growth. 

Differentiated strategy

On the other hand, a differentiated marketing strategy is when a company focuses on two or more markets. Companies that utilize this strategy market their products to many different segments, they just change their messaging to appeal to all of the differences.

Although a differentiated marketing strategy requires a lot more effort, time, and money than a concentrated marketing strategy would, it typically yields more success since there are many more avenues to rake in a profit. 

1. Define your market

Where does your brand fit within the current market landscape? Is there a need for the solution you promise to provide? How large is the market? These are all important questions to consider when starting this step.

2. Segment your market

This is where it gets fun. Decide which of the four segmentation methods you’re going to use, but don’t feel confined by one segmentation method.

It’s common for brands to implement more than one segmentation technique and take a combination approach, so play around with each and find the perfect mix for your brand.

3. Understand your market

Ask your target market the questions that relate to the segmentation categories you chose. You should get to know your target market through and through at this step. You can use surveys, focus groups, polls, and more to obtain your answers. Make sure you’re asking questions that will provide quantifiable answers.

4. Build your customer segments

Interpret the responses you received to create dynamic customer segments that are unique to your brand. Make sure that you’re focusing on the buying power of the segments and not creating any that are too small. Look over the common mistakes one last time to ensure you’re not making any! 

5. Test your strategy

Ensure that you have interpreted your responses accurately by testing it on your target market. Implement conversion tracking early. It’s one of the best ways to determine the effectiveness of your strategy.

If you’re not relating to your customers with the segments you’ve created, then you’ll need to relook at your survey methods and analysis. Be sure that the strategy you choose has unique characteristics from others in the marketplace so you can stand out. 

By determining the proper strategy for your needs and following the basic steps outlined above, you can ensure that your market segmentation strategy will be effective and successful. 

Take your marketing strategy to the next level

Market segmentation is a highly effective strategy for every marketing team. It proves to your customers that you understand them by providing a tailored message that resonates with specific facets of their lives. Knowing how to get a message across successfully will help your brand grow exponentially.

Just remember, your success won’t last long if you’re not testing your strategy constantly. To be competitive you must always be on top of your game.

Market segmentation comes down to knowing your customer base and providing a personalized experience for them. For a seamless customer journey across your segments, learn how to implement an omnichannel marketing strategy next.