What are four possible consequences for an employee who fails to abide by or observe their workplace WHS obligations?

May 28, 2018

Much of Victoria’s Occupational Health & Safety Legislation is aimed at the obligations of employers to their staff. It also sets out however obligations that employees owe whilst at work.

Specifically, whilst at work, employees must take reasonable care for their own health and safety, as well as that of persons who may be affected by their acts or omissions in the workplace. When determining whether an employee is guilty of a breach, the Court looks to what that person knew about all the relevant circumstances.

Further, employees must not intentionally or recklessly interfere with or misuse things in the workplace.

The penalties for employees breaching their obligations are monetary, and can be up to the same amount for an individual charged as an employer, being up to 1800 penalty units, or approximately $285,000.

Prosecutions against employees are less common than those against employers, but do occur. Below are some examples of employees who have been prosecuted for breaching their obligations:

  1. An electrician was fined $16,000 for instructing a first-year apprentice on four separate occasions to undertake tasks, which should have been performed under direct supervision of a qualified electrician, unsupervised.
  2. An employee at a Timber & Hardware store jokingly pointed a nail gun at another employee’s foot. The nail gun discharged, nailing his foot to the ground. He was fined $2,000.
  3. An employee of a retail gas seller lit a cigarette lighter within a short distance of another employee who was filling a gas cylinder. The lighting caused a ‘flash flame’. He was fined $1,000.

If you are charged as an employee, or are an employer who has an employee charged by Worksafe, please contact our office on 03 9034 7351 for a free case consultation.

You can read more about Victoria’s OH&S Legislation here.

Accidents can happen when you do not have effective procedures in place to comply with the Work Health & Safety Act 2011. It is essential to stay up to speed with the latest Australian laws by upskilling your team with a WHS course to reduce the risk of breaching the WHS guidelines.

Here are three consequences that can happen when you do not exercise diligence when it comes to complying with WHS laws:

Accidents and injuries in the workplace

An increase in accidents and injuries in the workplace occur when you do not comply to WHS standards. Injuries and accidents have a big impact on the business. For example, reduced productivity, lower staff morale, lost sales and even the closure of businesses.

Many activities within the workplace environment can involve risk that can easily be avoided. This includes things such as not testing electrical work to ensure it is electrically safe which allow employees to be at risk to electrocution, and employees at heights where the risk of falling is not controlled. Psychological injury and harm can also occur, such as bullying and sexual harassment.

An employer has to report certain events such as serious injury or death, and must take steps to provide the employee with rehabilitation or suitable duties while being paid compensation, under state and territory laws. With this being said, accidents are inevitable.

However, you will help decrease illness and injury when you invest the time in improving your hazard identification. This includes consultation and feedback from employees, workplace inspections, incident reporting and the register of injuries. The impact of injuries and accidents can also be minimised by equipping your workplace with basic first aid items and providing your employees with first aid training. It is also essential for your anti-bullying and sexual harassment procedures to be up to date and effective.

As an outcome, if you critically invest in the development in the health and safety of your team members, you will be able to prevent illness and injury. These adequate procedures in place will help your organisation understand and avoid the potential hazards in the work environment.

Penalties

There is a greater risk to lawsuits, penalties, fines, work stoppages and even the closure of your business when you fail to comply to the WHS Act. Research shows that even WHS failures can be costly to a business in the form of rising insurance premiums and high workers’ compensation claims.

In NSW, a category 3 offence, which is the failure to comply with a health and safety duty, includes the maximum penalty of $500,000 for corporations and $50,000 for an individual worker. A category 1 offence, which is the most serious breach includes the maximum penalty of $3 million for corporations, and $300,000 and/or 5 years imprisonment for the individual. A report by Safe Work Australia  furthermore found that work-related injury and disease cost the Australian economy $61.8 billion, representing 4.1% GDP in 2012-13.

It is the employer’s responsibility to ensure that his or her staff members are informed about their rights and responsibilities in regards to work, health and safety. Staff members also have an obligation to report potential hazards and follow WHS procedures, but the onus is on employers to maintain a safe workplace.

Potential prosecutions will occur when a breach to the WHS Act has been reported and investigated by the relevant authority to determine whether a breach has happened and determine what action is deemed necessary.

Keep in mind that a breach happens when the law is not upheld, such as when an activity places a person at risk of injury, death or illness, or steps are not taken to avoid a risky situation, and there is a failure to comply with regular requirements. Remember that different definitions and penalties apply to each Australian state and territory.

You need to exercise due diligence when it comes to complying with WHS laws to avoid work stoppages, lawsuits and penalties.

Less employee retention

There have been several studies revealing that better compliance to the WHS Act is associated with improved employee behaviours and attitudes. Be proactive in retaining high-performing staff, increase morale and have more happier, productive and creative employees by creating a positive, safe and healthy environment for them. This will in turn positively impact your business.

Take into account, a business with a poor WHS record will not only have a lack of employee retention, they will have a lack of clients and consumers who are willing to remain loyal to them. This is because the public have high expectations of your company to be socially responsible in taking care of their staff and clients.

Businesses operating in high risk industries such as construction and mining use their safety record to demonstrate their commitment to the welfare and safety of their employees to attract high quality applicants. You will be improving your company’s positive public image as well by demonstrating your corporate and social responsibility.

Therefore, expect healthier staff members who are absent less often, and are more motivated to stay with your company.

Have an effective management system in place to avoid these three consequences, and upskill your team with a critical safety training course to improve the safety and welfare of your workplace.

  • Criminal offences
  • Expiation notices (fines)

There are three categories of offences for a breach of the Work Health and Safety Act 2012. The penalty depends on the degree of seriousness or liability involved.

Prosecutors must prove the relevant elements of the offence and, in the case of a Category 1 offence, that the conduct was reckless and without reasonable excuse.

Category 1

Reckless conduct that endangers a person to risk of death, serious injury or illness. These are the most serious breaches.

  • Corporation/government body: up to $3 million
  • PCBU or an officer of the PCBU: up to $600,000 or 5 years jail or both
  • Individual (eg a worker): up to $300,000 or 5 years jail or both.

Category 2

Failure to comply with a health and safety duty that exposes a person to risk of death, serious injury or illness.

  • Corporation/government body: up to $1.5 million
  • PCBU or an officer of the PCBU: up to $300,000
  • Individual (eg a worker): up to $150,000.

Category 3

Failure to comply with a health and safety duty.

  • Corporation/government body: up to $500,000
  • PCBU or an officer of the PCBU: up to $100,000
  • Individual (eg a worker): up to $50,000.

There are some exemptions from prosecution for certain duty of care offences such as:

  • volunteers (unless they failed to comply with a duty applicable to a worker or other person in the workplace)
  • unincorporated associations (however officers or members of an unincorporated association may be liable for a failure to comply with a duty)
  • Ministers of the Crown and an elected member of a local authority.
Maximum penalties
Duty holder Category 1 Category 2 Category 3
Individual worker or other person at the workplace $300,000 or 5 years imprisonment
or both
$150,000 $50,000
Person conducting a business or undertaking (PCBU)
or officer of a PCBU
$600,000 or 5 years imprisonment
or both
$300,000 $100,000
Body corporate or government body $3,000,000 $1,500,000 $500,000  

Expiation notices

In addition to the more serious duty of care offences, we may also issue expiation penalties. An expiation notice alleges that you committed an offence and sets out an expiation fee. Safety breaches include failure to:

  • notify us of a notifiable workplace incident
  • ensure workers hold appropriate licences for the type of work being undertaken
  • provide personal protective equipment or adequate training
  • prepare a safe work method statement for high-risk construction work or complying with that safe work method statement
  • hold an asbestos register
  • hold the necessary entry permit
  • have in place workplace consultation arrangements
  • comply with the direction of our inspectors
  • provide accurate information to us or for disclosing confidential information.

Prosecution is avoided by paying the fee within the 28 day due date, plus a $60 Victims of Crime Levy.

For some offences you may request to enter into an enforceable undertakings arrangement.

Challenging an expiation notice

You may be eligible for a review of the offence if (and only if):

  • there were compelling humanitarian or safety reasons for the conduct that allegedly constituted the offence, or
  • the alleged offender could not, in all the circumstances, reasonably have averted committing the offence, or
  • the conduct allegedly constituting the offence was merely a technical, trivial or petty instance of a breach of the relevant enactment.

You may choose to seek legal advice if you want more explanation regarding trifling offences and reviews.

Applying for a review

To apply for a review of an expiation notice:

  • complete the tear off section at the bottom of the expiation notice
  • complete a sworn Statutory Declaration explaining the reasons why you think the offence was trifling and
    • send the tear off section and the Statutory Declaration to SafeWork SA, GPO Box 465, Adelaide SA 5001 or
    • scan and email the form to .

Do not pay the notice. You may only apply for a review of the expiation notice, not the reminder.

Unsuccessful review

If your review is unsuccessful, your options are to either pay the notice or elect to be prosecuted.

Electing to be prosecuted

Rather than pay the expiation notice, you may elect to be prosecuted for the alleged offence by:

  • completing the tear off section on the bottom of the expiation notice and
    • sending the tear off section to SafeWork SA, GPO Box 465, Adelaide SA 5001; or
    • scanning the completed form and email to .

Do not pay the notice.

Once you elect to be prosecuted, the expiation notice is now considered to be withdrawn and it has no effect. You do not have to do anything unless you receive a Summons to go to Court. This should happen within six (6) months.

Withdrawals

If an expiation notice is withdrawn, you will be sent a letter explaining the reasons why the notice was withdrawn. A withdrawal may take place as a result of:

  • the notice being incorrectly issued
  • there being a fault with the original notice – a new notice may be issued and attached to your letter. If there was no replacement notice attached to your letter, consider the matter finished
  • you requesting a trifling review and it being successful
  • SafeWork SA or the Fines Unit reviewing the notice and deciding not to proceed with the matter
  • SafeWork SA deciding to commence prosecution proceedings in relation to the matter; details will be attached in the letter.

The fee schedule for a contravention of the legislation is listed below.