In 1787 the boundary of New South Wales was set, in London, as a line through the continent at 135 degrees of longitude. In 1828, the boundary was moved across to 129 degrees of longitude and the western part became Western Australia. Show In 1836 South Australia took a 'bite' from New South Wales. The establishment of Queensland in 1859 divided the remainder of New South Wales into two. The western borders of Queensland and South Australia were adjusted in 1862 to align the borders. From 1788 to 1859, Britain established six Australian colonies – though one of them, South Australia, was called a province to distinguish it as a place for free immigrants, not convicts. The six colonies were not constitutionally connected to each other, but to Britain. Each Colony had a parliament, courts and a constitution, and the laws of each were subject to the laws of the British Parliament and courts. When you visit the Pathways section of this website, you can trace this process of Foundation. From 1837, when she came to the throne, Queen Victoria was the sovereign of each Colony and in 1901 she also became Head of the Federation of States which formed the Commonwealth of Australia. The Colonies formed the six States: New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, Western Australia, South Australia, and Queensland. Three weeks after they were united as the Commonwealth of Australia under the new Constitution, King Edward VII became Head of the Commonwealth of Australia when his mother, Queen Victoria, died on 22 January 1901. This vast area of Australia has a very different story. It was never planned as a separate colony, province, or state, its physical area the result of the tidying of the boundaries of the colonies in 1861. In 1863 this remaining portion of the continent became the Northern Territory of South Australia and in 1911, the Northern Territory was transferred from South Australia to the Commonwealth. Page Content The Federal GovernmentThe Federal or Commonwealth Government is responsible for the conduct of national affairs. Its areas of responsibility are stated in the Australian Constitution and include defence and foreign affairs; trade, commerce and currency; immigration; postal services, telecommunications and broadcasting; air travel; most social services and pensions. The Federal Government is also involved, mainly through funding, in many things largely carried out by the States, such as health, education, environmental issues, industrial relations, etc.State or Territory GovernmentUnder the Australian Constitution, the States are responsible for everything not listed as a Federal responsibility. However, sometimes both levels are involved. Major State responsibilities include schools, hospitals, conservation and environment, roads, railways and public transport, public works, agriculture and fishing, industrial relations, community services, sport and recreation, consumer affairs, police, prisons and emergency services. Each state has its own constitution setting out its system of government.Local GovernmentLocal Government areas vary greatly in size and character. The Sydney area is divided into about 35 cities, municipalities or shires, each with its own local council. The bigger country centres such as Bathurst or Albury have city or municipal councils. Large but less populated country areas, with a number of small towns and large rural areas, are usually shires with a Shire Council based in one of the larger towns. The power of local governments is controlled by Acts of State Parliament such as the Local Government Acts. Local Councils are concerned with matters close to our homes, such as building regulations and development, public health, local roads and footpaths, parks and playing fields, libraries, local environmental issues, waste disposal, and many community services.Who Does What?It is not always easy to know which government is responsible for which service. Although the Federal Government is probably better known to many of us, the everyday things we do usually have more to do with our State or Local Governments.Things you might do in a day......and which level of government gets involved. 
ready for school • Power, gas, water, sewerage from State corporations • Trade, imports & exports • Advertising• Consumer laws • Shop and workplace laws• Health inspections of shopsCatch the bus• National road funding• Buses, bus passes • Traffic laws, Police • Traffic lights, Road signs • Major roads, road taxes• Local roads • Street signs • Bus stopsGo to school• Funding to States • Higher education• Education Department • School funding and subjects• Local kindergartens
• School libraries • Subsidies to councils• Local librariesPlay sport• Australian Institute of
• Funding to local councils • Safety, health and education• Local sports fields
• ABC TV and Radio • Funding to States • Drug control• Hospitals • Ambulance services• Community services,
• Trees and footpathsPut out the garbage• International treaties and national environmental policies• Waste disposal • Pollution controls• Garbage collection • Local environment Does each Australian state have a Governor?The constitutional laws of Western Australia provide for a Governor to represent the Sovereign as the Head of State. Each Australian state has a Governor, with a Governor-General overseeing the Commonwealth of Australia.
What is the leader of each territory government called?Each territory parliament has one house called the Legislative Assembly. The leader of each territory government is called the Chief Minister. State and territory government responsibilities include: justice, consumer affairs, health, education, forestry, public transport, main roads.
Who is our Head of State?(1)The President shall be the Head of State and represent the State vis-à-vis foreign states. (2)The President shall have the responsibility and duty to safeguard the independence, territorial integrity and continuity of the State and the Constitution.
Who runs territories in Australia?Every state and internal territory (except the Jervis Bay Territory) is self-governing with its own independent executive government, legislative branch, and judicial system, while the rest only have local government status overseen by federal departments.
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Who is in charge of each state in Australia?
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