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The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is responsible for maintaining a collection of registries that are critical in ensuring global coordination of the DNS root zone, IP addressing, and other Internet protocol resources. Since 1997, this role has been performed by ICANN, under a contract awarded by the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA), an agency in the U.S. Department of Commerce. The IANA registries fall into three categories, each of which relate to a specific function in the Internet infrastructure: IP AddressesThe IANA includes the global registry for IPv4 and IPv6 addresses and Autonomous System Numbers (ASNs). These lists contain entries for all the IP address ranges and ASN blocks that are allocated for use on the Internet, as well as the Regional Internet Registry (RIR) to whom responsibility for these resources has been delegated. For instance, the entry for 185.0.0.0/8 points to the RIPE NCC as the responsible registry. The IANA will make changes to the global IP address registries (such as allocating a block of IP address space to an RIR) according to policies developed and agreed on by the global community. Policy-Making and IANA DNS Root ZoneThe Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical distributed database that links domain names such as www.ripe.net to an IP address, which is then used to send data between computers. This can be compared to a phone book. IANA maintains the top level of this hierarchy, the DNS root zone, which contains pointers to where information about second level domains, such as .com, .net and .nl can be found. Protocol ParametersIn order to make sure computers understand each other when communicating, certain numbers used in networking protocols need to have a globally unique meaning. These protocol parameters are defined as part of the technical protocol standards produced by the IETF. The IANA maintains and publishes these registries, which can then be used by software makers to ensure stable and predictable communications.
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The I* (I-star) group of organizations is a loose term to describe organizations that share responsibilities for coordinating the Internet technical infrastructure. APNIC collaborates with these organizations as part of the global Internet ecosystem. The I* (I-star) organizations include the five Regional Internet Registries (RIRs), ICANN, ISOC, IETF, IAB, W3C and the regional associations of country code domain name registries. Regional Internet Registries (RIRs)Within their respective regions, RIRs such as APNIC provide services for the administration, management, distribution and registration of Internet number resources, specifically IPv4 addresses, IPv6 addresses, and Autonomous System numbers. There are five RIRs: 
Services are based, in part, on policies the communities of each RIR develop in a multi-stakeholder, bottom up approach that is open to all interested parties. The Policy Development Process within each RIR region defines the way these policies are developed and adopted. Read more about the RIR community. Number Resource Organization (NRO)The Number Resource Organization (NRO) is a coordinating body for the five Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) that manage the distribution of Internet number resources including IP addresses and Autonomous System Numbers. The NRO contributes to an open, stable and secure Internet, through:
ICANNThe Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) is the international organization responsible for the management and oversight of the coordination of the Internet’s domain name system and its unique identifiers such as IP addresses. ICANN oversees the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). Guest Post: KINDNS is a new initiative to promote DNS operational security best practices and to encourage DNS operators to voluntarily commit to their implementation. Guest Post: Global sum of DNS abuse dropped in absolute terms and normalized rates, ICANN reports. See more posts tagged as 'ICANN' on the APNIC Blog Address Supporting Organization (ASO)The Address Supporting Organization (ASO) is one of three ICANN Supporting Organizations. The purpose of the ASO is to review and develop recommendations on IP address global policies and to advise the ICANN Board on IP addressing related matters. Since 2004, the NRO Number Council performs the role of the ASO within ICANN. APNIC participated at ICANN 63 in Barcelona, Spain from 20 to 25 October 2018. Discussion about a potential “two-house” model for the ASO - rearranging current NRO EC and ASO AC responsibilities - received support in Kathmandu. See more posts tagged as 'ASO' on the APNIC Blog Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)IANA is one of the Internet’s oldest institutions, with its activities dating back to the 1970s. Today the IANA functions are provided by ICANN affiliate Public Technical Identifiers (PTI). PTI’s various activities can be broadly grouped in to three categories:
ISOCThe Internet Society (ISOC) is a non-profit organization, founded in 1992, dedicated to ensuring the open development, evolution, and use of the Internet for the benefit of people throughout the world. Its purpose is to provide leadership in Internet related standards, education, and policy. Guest Post: Study shows that despite progress in routing security, there’s still a lot of work to be done. MVIX aims to be the first of many IXPs resulting from a joint initiative between APIX, APNIC, APNIC Foundation, and the Internet Society. See more posts tagged as 'ISOC' on the APNIC Blog Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is a large, open, international community of network designers, operators, vendors, and researchers who are interested in the evolution of Internet architecture and its smooth operation. The IETF is open to any interested individual. The technical work of the IETF is carried out in its working groups, which are organized by topic into several areas (e.g., routing, transport, security, and more). The IETF holds meetings three times a year, however much of the work is handled via mailing lists. Internet Architecture Board (IAB)The IAB is both an IETF committee and an ISOC advisory body. It is responsible for architectural oversight of IETF activities, Internet Standards Process oversight and appeal, and the appointment of the RFC Editor. The IAB is also responsible for the management of the IETF protocol parameter registries. World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is an international community where Member organizations, a full-time staff, and the public work together to develop web standards.
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What organization is responsible for the global assignment of IP addresses and the allocation of globally unique names and numbers that are used in Internet protocols?
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