The meeting of the Estates-General and subsequent declaration of the National Assembly in 1789 kickstarted the French Revolution. This new body, which more broadly represented the French people, declared itself the National Constituent Assembly in July and began to work on a new constitution for France. The basis of that constitution would be based on the Declaration of the Rights of Man, a document that laid out the rights they believed all men had. Here you will learn about the Declaration of the Rights of Man's importance and a summary of what it said. Show
Declaration of the Rights of Man DefinitionThe Declaration of the Rights of Man's full name is The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen. The National Constituent Assembly adopted it as a guiding document for how French society should be reorganized. After the Estates-General's meeting and the Third Estate's decision to declare itself a National Assembly, they were forced to meet at a Tennis Court. They took their Tennis Court Oath to write a new constitution for France. The Declaration of the Rights of Man was an initial step towards doing so. It established a set of principles that assigned certain rights to everyone that should be respected, as well as asserted the idea of popular sovereignty over the divine rights of kings as practiced by absolutist rulers in France. It also established legal equality between social classes, calling for the end of special privileges for the aristocracy. Popular Sovereignty: The idea that the power of the government comes from the consent of its citizens.
Declaration of the Rights of Man DateThe adoption of the Declaration of the Rights of Man date was on August 26, 1789. That was the day the National Constituent Assembly approved the full text of the document. King Louis XVI refused to sign the document at first. Finally, on October 5, under pressure from protests at Versailles, he signed the document. It would serve as the preamble for the Constitution of 1791. There was a second, more extensive, and updated version of the document proposed and debated in 1793, but it was never formally adopted. Declaration of the Rights of Man and CitizenThe full name of the document is The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen. A first draft of the document was primarily written by the Marquis de Lafayette. He redacted some sections with Thomas Jefferson, who wrote the United States Declaration of Independence. The final text approved on the Declaration of Rights of Man's date of adoption was based on reworks and a final draft by Abbé Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès and Honoré Mirabeau. The document was based mainly on ideas of the Enlightenment, especially as it relates to natural rights and the social contract as expressed by Enlightenment thinkers such as John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Voltaire. It also referenced the idea of the separation of powers promoted by Montesquieu. Men are born and remain free and equal in rights."1 Declaration of the Rights of Man SummaryAn essential cause of the declaration of the National Assembly and the start of the French Revolution was the privileges enjoyed by the First and Second Estates. Therefore, a crucial part of the Declaration of Rights of Man was establishing a single set of rights that all citizens should enjoy equally. They were considered universal and natural rights and were set out in a collection of 17 articles. Among those rights were:
In addition to these rights, the document also contained articles that explicitly rejected absolute monarchy by declaring that sovereignty resided in the nation, not any individual, and stating valid government would have a separation of powers. It also rejected special privileges for some by stating that the law should apply equally to all persons and positions in government, and other occupations should be determined by merit, not by social class or heritage. Given the importance of taxes to the causes of the French Revolution, the Declaration of the Rights of Man also established that taxes should be distributed equally and based on people's ability to pay. It also called for transparency in how these taxes were used and citizens' right to receive an account of its administration. Liberty consists in the freedom to do everything which injures no one else; hence the exercise of the natural rights of each man has no limits except those which assure to the other members of the society the enjoyment of the same rights. These limits can only be determined by law."2
Declaration of the Rights of Man ImportanceThe Declaration of the Rights of Man's importance consists mainly in its guidance of the early course of the French Revolution in the early moderate stage & liberal reform period. It also had influence outside of France, and some pointed out and criticized its lack of inclusion at the time and today. Declaration of the Rights of Man's Importance on Events in FranceThe Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen became a sacred document for the French revolutionaries and foundational to the French Revolution. Both moderates and radicals celebrated its signing and viewed it as a guiding document. For example, the Jacobin's membership manual required that fellows uphold the declaration. In addition to serving as the preamble of the Constitution of 1791, its elemental assertion that political power should be vested in the citizens, all those citizens should have equal rights and protections under the law, and that the state should protect them guided other events of the revolutionaries, including the more limited reforms of the early stages of the Revolution, the more extreme actions of the radical stage of the Revolution, and even the calls to return to moderation during the reactionary stage. The aim of all political association is the preservation of the natural and imprescriptible rights of man."3 Influence on the Haitian RevolutionWhile the Declaration of the Rights of Man did not extend rights to enslaved people, it did contribute to calls for freedom that helped spark the Haitian Revolution. There, a revolt fought by enslaved people would eventually lead to the first black republic. The Haitian revolutionaries were inspired to revolt in part by the ideals expressed in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen. Critics of the Limited Definition of CitizenBesides not extending the rights to enslaved people, the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen also did not extend them to women or non-landholders. The full rights expressed in the document were only granted to men over 25 years of age who paid taxes and could not be considered servants. In practice, only a relatively small percentage of French males who owned land were entitled to full rights and the vote. This led to criticism from more radical democrats like Robespierre, who believed the franchise should be extended to all men, such as the urban working class of the Sans-Culottes. The exclusion of women from the document also has been pointed out by women at the time and historians today. Olympe de Gouges published the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen in 1791. Mimicking the style and language of the Declaration of the Rights of Man, she wrote a parallel series of point-by-point responses extending the rights to women and explicitly critiquing the original document. She was later tried for treason and executed for criticizing the National Convention. Declaration of the Rights of Man SignificanceDespite these shortcomings, the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen remains important. It represented a clear break with the past, signaling the end of the Ancién Regime and the preeminence of the ideas of legal equality and natural rights. Besides influencing events in France and the French colony of Haiti, it inspired calls for reform, Revolution, and democracy elsewhere, influenced the adoption of the Bill of Rights in the U.S. Constitution, and contributed to the foundations of modern democracy. Declaration of the Rights of Man - Key takeaways
The Declaration of the Rights of Man was a document adopted early in the French Revolution that established that all citizens had certain rights that should be respected.
The Declaration of the Rights of Man was written in late 1789. It was formally adopted on August 26, 1789.
The Declaration of the Rights of Man was written to establish guiding principles for a new constitution for France early in the French Revolution. It formally ended absolute monarchy and the privileges of the aristocracy.
The Marquis de Lafayette wrote a first draft of the Declaration of the Rights of Man. Abbé Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès and Honoré Mirabeau wrote the final draft of the Declaration of the Rights of Man.
The Declaration of the Rights of Man protected life, liberty, property, due legal process, and freedom of speech and religion.
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What body passed the Declaration of the Rights of Man?
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The National Constituent Assembly
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What date was the Declaration of the Rights of Man adopted?
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Who wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Man?
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Marquis de Lafayette wrote a first draft, Abbé Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès and Honoré Mirabeau wrote the final draft.
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True or False: King Louis XVI immediately accepted the Declaration of the Rights of Man.
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Name at least 3 rights the Declaration of the Rights of Man identified.
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Possible answers: Liberty Property Freedom from oppression Legal equality Due legal process Freedom of Speech Freedom of Religion
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Where did the Declaration of the Rights of Man say political sovereignty came from?
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What did the Declaration of the Rights of Man say about the privileges of the aristocracy?
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It established that the law should apply to everyone equally and occupations should be based on merit not social class.
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The Declaration of the Rights of Man was a part of what other important document?
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How did the Declaration of the Rights of Man contribute to the Haitian Revolution?
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The ideas of equality inspired the slaves to revolt to obtain freedom.
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Why did women criticize the Declaration of the Rights of Man?
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It only applied to citizens who were landowning men, and women were not given the same rights. Page 2
Martin Luther, a Catholic monk, wrote a document referred to as 95 Theses, that changed Western Christian religion forever. What made a devout monk openly criticize the Church? What was written in the 95 Theses that made it so important? Let's look at the 95 Theses and Martin Luther! 95 Theses DefinitionOn October 31, 1417, in Wittenberg, Germany Martin Luther hung his 95 Theses on the door outside of his church. The first two theses were the issues that Luther had with the Catholic Church and the rest were the arguments that he could have with people about these issues. Martin Luther and the 95 Theses
Martin Luther intended to be a lawyer until he was stuck in a deadly storm. Luther swore an oath to God that if he lived then he would become a monk. True to his word, Luther became a monk and then completed his doctoral program. Eventually, he had his very own church in Wittenberg, Germany.
95 Theses SummaryOver in Rome in 1515, Pope Leo X wanted to renovate St. Peter's Basilica. The Pope permitted the sale of indulgences to raise money for this construction project. Indulgences challenged Luther's view of Christianity. If a priest sold an indulgence, then the person who received it paid for forgiveness. The forgiveness of their sins did not come from God but the priest. Luther believed that forgiveness and salvation could only come from God. A person could also buy indulgences on behalf of other people. One could even buy an indulgence for a dead person to shorten their stay in Purgatory. This practice was illegal in Germany but one day Luther's congregation told him that they would no longer need confessionals because their sins had been forgiven through indulgences.
95 Theses DateOn October 31, 1517, Martin Luther went outside of his church and hammered his 95 Theses to the Church wall. This sounds dramatic but historians think it probably wasn't. Luther's theses took off and were soon translated to different languages. It even made its way to Pope Leo X! The Catholic ChurchThe Catholic Church was the only Christian church in existence at this time, there were no Baptists, Presbyterians, or Protestants. The Church (meaning the Catholic Church) also provided the only welfare programs. They fed the hungry, gave shelter to the poor, and provided medical care. The only education available was through the Catholic Church. Faith was not the only reason people attended church. At church, they could show off their status and socialize. The pope was extremely powerful. The Catholic Church owned one-third of the land in Europe. The pope also had power over kings. This is because kings were thought to be appointed by God and the pope was a direct link to God. The pope would advise kings and could heavily influence wars and other political struggles. When going forward, remember how important and powerful the Catholic Church was. This will offer context to the Protestant Reformation. 95 Theses SummaryThe first two theses are about indulgences and why they are immoral. The first thesis refers to God as the only being who can grant forgiveness from sins. Luther was very dedicated to the belief that God could grant forgiveness to anyone who prayed for it. The second thesis was directly calling out the Catholic Church. Luther reminds the reader that the church does not have the authority to forgive sins so when they sell indulgences, they are selling something they do not have. If God is the only one who can forgive sins and the indulgences weren't bought from God, then they are fake.
The rest of the theses are providing evidence of Luther's first two claims. These are written as arguing points. Luther opens the door that if anyone found fought in any of his points then they could write him and they would debate. The point of the theses was not to destroy the Catholic church but to reform it. The 95 Theses were translated from Latin to German and were read by people all over the country!
Luther wrote the theses in a conversational tone. While it was written in Latin, this would not be for the clergy alone. This would also be for the Catholics who, in Luther's eyes, wasted their money on indulgences. Luther proposed a reform of the Catholic Church. He was not trying to strike out and create a new form of Christianity. Martin Luther no longer believed that priests could forgive people of their sins on behalf of God. He had a completely radical idea that people could confess in prayer on their own and God would forgive them. Luther also believed that the bible should be translated into German so that everyone could read it. At this point, it was written in Latin and only the clergy could read it. The Gutenberg Printing Press and the Protestant Reformation Martin Luther was not the first educated person to go up against the Catholic Church but he is the first to start a reformation. What made him different? In 1440, Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press. This made information spread quicker than it had previously. While historians are still researching the effect of the printing press on the Protestant Reformation, most agree that the Reformation would not have happened without it. 95 Theses Effect on EuropeLuther was excommunicated from the church while the 95 Theses sparked the Protestant Reformation. This was also a political reform. It eventually took away the majority of the pope's power removing his role as a political leader and leaving him as a spiritual leader. The nobility began to break from the Catholic Church because they could then dissolve the church's landholdings and keep the profits. Nobles who were monks could leave the Catholics and get married then produce heirs. Through the Protestant Reformation people were able to get a German translation of the bible. Anyone who was literate could read the bible for themselves. No longer did they have to rely so heavily on the priests. This created different denominations of Christianity that did not follow the same rules as the Catholic Church or each other's. This also sparked the German Peasant Revolt which was the largest peasant revolt at that time. 95 Theses - Key takeaways
The 95 Theses was a document posted by Martin Luther. It was written so the Catholic Church would reform.
The 95 Theses was posted on October 31st, 1517 in Wittenberg, Germany.
Martin Luther wrote the 95 Theses so that the Catholic Church would reform and stop selling indulgences.
Martin Luther wrote the 95 Theses.
The first two theses were against the sale of indulgences the rest of the theses backed up that claim.
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When were the 95 Theses written?
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Where was the 95 Theses posted?
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When someone is removed from the Catholic church because of their actions it is called ________.
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What were tokens that could be purchased by anyone that meant the buyer's sins had been forgiven?
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Why did Pope Leo X allow Catholics to start back selling indulgences?
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To Fund the restoration of St. Peter's Basilica
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What was the first thesis about?
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Only God can forgive people of their sins
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What was the second thesis about?
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The Catholic Church did not have the authority to forgive people of their sins
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What were the third through ninety-nine theses about?
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They were points that backed up the first two theses.
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What invention helped the spread of the Protestant Reformation?
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The Gutenberg Printing Press
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What reformation was sparked by the Ninety-Five Theses?
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True/False Nobles broke from the Catholic Church then dissolved the Church's holdings so that they could keep the revenue.
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True/False Before the Protestant Reformation, there were plenty of denominations of Christians.
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Which book did Luther translate into German that greatly influenced the Protestant Reformation?
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Who did Martin Luther think that people needed to forgive their sins? Page 3
The 13th Amendment freed enslaved people within America. The 14th Amendment made African Americans citizens. It wasn't until the 15th Amendment that African Americans received the right to vote. African Americans had to fight for this right and when they finally received it, white Southerners found ways to take it away again. Let's take a closer look at the fight for the 15th Amendment! 15th Amendment SummaryNothing happens in a vacuum, let's explore the context for this amendment. The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments were all passed during the Reconstruction Era. This was the period after the Civil War when the South was to be reconstructed. It lasted from the end of the Civil War until the Great Compromise of 1877. The 13th Amendment abolished slavery and the 14th defined citizenship and naturalization for immigrants. This was a period of unrest because the Southern states did not like that African Americans were gaining rights. The South would not accept these rights unless they were forced to. The political party in power, the radical republicans, passed the Reconstruction Act of 1867.
This act divided the South into five sections each with a military general in charge. The soldiers would protect the newly established rights of African Americans and enforce other laws and plans established by Congress. 15th Amendment DateVoting was considered a political right, not a natural right therefore it was up to the state to determine who had the right to vote. The 15th Amendment was passed by Congress in 1869. It would be added to the conditions for Southern states to rejoin the Union. The generals stationed in the different sections would make sure that all eligible voters were registered including African Americans. 15th Amendment RatifiedThe 15th Amendment was passed in 1869 but would not be ratified until 1870. This means that Congress passed the article in 1869 but could not get the majority of the House of Representatives to pass it until 1870. The majority means that it has to be two-thirds. 15th Amendment Simplified
This amendment was pushed and passed by the radical republican party. They had three reasons for wanting African American male suffrage. It was the right thing to do, it would prevent Confederate politicians from gaining power, and they would vote for Republicans. Keeping former Confederates out of Congress was very important for reconstruction. The radical republicans wanted to control reconstruction and could not do so if Confederates were in power. Part of the radical republican plan for reconstruction was the enfranchisement of African Americans through rights, education, and government programs. The 15th Amendment gave voting rights to any man who is an American citizen. It also placed the responsibility of upholding and protecting these rights onto Congress. This included African Americans and people who immigrated to America. There was a large number of Chinese immigrants who came to America looking for work. They often worked in the North on railroads. Voter SuppressionThe 15th Amendment left room for voter suppression. Congress did not want the "unworthy poor" to be able to vote or immigrants. A way of keeping them from voting was allowing for poll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather clauses. Let's take a closer look at each of these techniques.
Literacy TestsWhen someone went to the poll, they would have to read a section of the Constitution. If they could not read it, then they had to explain it to whoever was administering the test. The administrator would determine whether or not the person could vote. In the South, this was used to prevent African Americans from voting.
Most African Americans were formerly enslaved. It was illegal for an enslaved person to learn to read so many African Americans were illiterate. They could not read, and the Constitution had never been explained to them. The administrators were white men. When an African American passed the test, the administrator lied and said that they didn't. Poll TaxesIt cost one dollar to vote. This might seem like a small amount of money today but for an impoverished person in the 19th century, this was a great deal of money. Many African Americans worked as sharecroppers and had to buy food and supplies on credit. They truly could not afford the one dollar that it cost to vote. Grandfather ClausesPoliticians did not want to prevent white men from voting and many poor white men were illiterate. If someone's father or grandfather could vote before 1867 then he could vote without passing the literacy test or paying the fee. Black people were only able to vote after 1870 so this clause only applied to white men. Fear TacticsAfrican Americans who could pass the literacy test and afford the one dollar then had to deal with white mobs. These mobs patrolled voting booths and would fight and sometimes kill black men who were voting. This turned into a lawsuit that went all the way to the Supreme Court in the US vs Cruikshank case. The Supreme Court decided that Congress could not intervene as long as politicians were not preventing Black voters. If private individuals or groups did then it was not a federal matter. The Voting Rights Act of 1865 made poll taxes, literacy tests, and other forms of voter suppression illegal. During the following decades, more voting rights acts were passed to further protect American voters. The 15th Amendment did not include women or Native Americans. White and black women supported the 15th Amendment believing that everyone would get the right to vote. Though that was not the case. Even though some of the largest African American suffrage leaders were also active in women's suffrage, like Franklin Douglass, the African American male suffrage movement wanted to remain separate from the women's cause. This created a divide within the women's suffrage movement where some women stayed and advocated for black male voting rights while others separated and focused on women's voting rights. Often white women would insult African Americans because they were able to vote when the white women could not. Women would not be able to vote until 1920.
Native Americans were not considered citizens therefore they could not vote. They would not be given the right to vote until 1924. Even then it was left to the state to decide if the indigenous person could vote. It would not be until 1948 that indigenous people could vote in every state. They still had to pass literacy tests and pay poll taxes. Significance of the 15th AmendmentThe 15th Amendment signified a time of change. Even though African American voting would be suppressed in the South for the following 70 or so years, African Americans were gaining rights. Political power is an important contribution to change. As African Americans gained political power, they were able to change America. 15th Amendment - Key takeaways
The 15th Amendment gave all American men the right to vote including African American men and immigrants who became citizens.
The 15th Amendment gave all American men the right to vote including African American men and immigrants who became citizens.
The 15th Amendment was passed by Congress in 1869 and ratified in 1870.
The 15th Amendment was passed by Congress in 1869 and ratified in 1870.
The 15th Amendment gave all American men the right to vote including African American men and immigrants who became citizens.
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What did the 15ht Amendment do?
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Gave voting rights to all American male citizens
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Which of these groups did the 15th Amendment not extend to?
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Which act enforced the reconstruction amendments?
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Reconstruction Act of 1867
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What year was the 15th Amendment ratified?
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How many votes were needed to ratify the 15th Amendment?
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Republicans wanted African Americans to vote to keep ___ out of office?
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What did the second section of the 15th Amendment do?
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Gave Congress the power to enforce the amendment
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Which of the following was not a form of voter suppresion?
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Which act outlawed voter suppression in the form of literacy tests, poll taxes, and grandfather clauses?
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When were women able to vote?
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It is difficult to say what America's experience in the 21st century will be because we are only two decades in. What we can do is look at what Americans have accomplished. The presidents, social awareness, significant events, and achievements can tell much about present-day America. Let's take a closer look at 21st-century America so far! 21st Century America SummaryThe 21st century began with the election of 2000, and America has seen three more presidencies since. There were natural disasters like Hurricane Katrina and the Covid Pandemic. Major human rights events have occurred, like the legalization of same-sex marriage and the progress brought on by the Black Lives Matter Movement. The 21st century has been very eventful; let's examine these events! 1992 Presidential Election Before we jump into the 21st Century, let's look at the election of 1992. This election had three primary candidates. Up for re-election from the Republican party was George H. W. Bush. Bush had many accomplishments during his previous term, but an economic downfall caused his support to waiver. The Democrat party offered Bill Clinton. Clinton was a "New Democrat" and represented change. A third-party candidate, Ross Perot, also ran. Though he didn't win, Perot took votes away from the Republican candidate. Bill Clinton won the 1992 election. This signaled that America was ready for a change going into the 21st century! 21st Century American PresidentsAmerica has seen four presidents since 2000, George W. Bush, Barack Obama, Donald Trump, and the current president (at the time of writing this article!) Joe Biden. Bush and Trump were Republicans, while Obama and Biden were Democrats. George W. Bush (2000-2008)The stakes for America are never small. If our country does not lead the cause of freedom, it will not be led." -George W. Bush 4 George W. Bush became president in 2000. His presidency was thrust into action on September 11, 2001. Terrorists hijacked four planes and crashed two into the World Trade Center's Twin Towers, one into the Pentagon, and the last crashed into a Pennsylvania field because the passengers gained control over it. This tragic event is referred to as 9-11 by Americans who still remember the loss of life, from the passengers to the people within the buildings to the first responders. The War on TerrorBush launched the Patriot Act, which allowed the government to monitor civilians' phones and emails to find terrorists. The Department of Homeland Security was established, and the War on Terror began. Bush's War on Terror involved the United States and Great Britain, Russia, France, Afghanistan, and Iraq. The president sent the military into Afghanistan to capture Osama Bin Laden, the leader of the Taliban that claimed responsibility for 9-11. It is highly debated if the Taliban was responsible for 9-11. While they claimed responsibility, they often did so for any terrorist event, even if they weren't responsible. Their goal was to spread terror, claiming different events made the organization seem larger and scarier than it was. In 2003, Bush claimed to suspect Iraq had weapons of mass destruction. American soldiers would go on to invade and occupy Iraq through Operation Iraqi Freedom for twenty years and never find proof of weapons of mass destruction. The War on Terror initially had the support of the American people, but after several years without results, Americans' faith wavered. They questioned if the cost of human lives was even worth it.
In 2005, Hurricane Katrina devastated New Orleans. Katrina was a category 5 hurricane that killed more than 1,300 people and caused 13 billion dollars worth of damages. Critics believed that Bush's response to Katrina was weak. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) didn't do enough, and what it did do was too late.
I want future generations to know that we are a people who see our differences as a great gift, that we’re a people who value the dignity and worth of every citizen -- man and woman, young and old, black and white, Latino, Asian, immigrant, Native American, gay, straight, Americans with mental illness or physical disability. Everybody matters." 3 -Barack Obama Barack Obama was the first African American to become president, but he inherited an unofficial war from the Bush Administration. Obama allowed troops to remain in Afghanistan and Iraq but wouldn't let America become involved with the Syrian Civil War. Critics argued that Obama was too weak regarding foreign affairs in the Middle East. Obama also allowed drone strikes in the Middle East to kill Isis, a new terrorist organization threat. These strikes killed Isis targets but also innocent civilians. America was also in the worst economic remission since the Great Depression at the start of the Obama administration. Obama passed the Recovery Act and the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare). The Recovery Act created infrastructure projects to put Americans back to work, while Obamacare created affordable insurance. Obama tried to increase the minimum wage nationwide but was struck down by Congress. This did encourage many states to raise the minimum wage. Donald Trump (2016-2020)
Donald Trump was elected into office promising to "Make America Great Again." One of his campaign promises was to build a wall that would keep immigrants from Mexico out of America and that the Mexican government would pay for it. By the end of his campaign, only a few miles, the wall had been put up in places with no previous defenses. The Mexican government didn't pay for it. I think we’re gonna be very good with the coronavirus. I think that at some point that’s going to, sort of, just disappear—I hope" 1 -Donald Trump In 2020, the Coronavirus spread throughout America, causing America to enter a global pandemic. Critics of Trump believed that he did not do enough to slow the spread of the virus. Trump believed that "it (the coronavirus) miraculously goes away." After the vaccine was released in December 2020, critics believed that Trump didn't properly encourage Americans to get vaccinated. Trump was the third American president impeached by the House of Representatives and the first president to be impeached twice. A conservative majority Senate acquitted him during both impeachment trials, so Trump was not removed from office. Trump's first impeachment occurred because he attempted to bribe Ukraine to find damaging information on his political opponent, Joe Biden. The second article of impeachment came from the House of Representatives due to Trump's connections with the rioters' actions during the January 6th insurrection at the US Captial. Joe Biden (2020 -)
Joe Biden is the current President of the United States and was Barack Obama's vice president. In 2020 America's unemployment rate had risen to 6.3, but Biden reduced it to 3.9. Unemployment has not seen a reduction this drastic since 1969. Biden issued a Covid Relief plan that spent 1.9 trillion dollars to give American adults 1,400 dollars. Biden re-entered the Paris Climate Accord, which Trump had left. The Climate Accord was an agreement between multiple countries to control climate change. But . . . within the growing catastrophe, I believe there’s an incredible opportunity . . . . We have the ability to invest in ourselves and build an equitable clean-energy future and in the process create millions of good-paying jobs [while we] create an environment that raises the standard of living around the world. 2 -Joe Biden Joe Biden's presidency is continuing, and we won't know the full scale of it until it has ended. American Culture in the 21st CenturyAmerica has shifted its values in the 21st Century. Activist groups that support human rights and represent marginalized communities are a part of this. Third-wave feminism was popular in the 2000s but shifted to the fourth wave in the mid-2010s. The fourth wave is categorized by its use of social media in the information age.
Civil Rights Activists have formed groups like Black Lives Matter, Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women, and the Me Too movement to raise awareness for marginalized groups. The Black Lives Matter movement raises awareness about police brutality against African Americans. The Me Too movement empowers victims of sexual assault to come forward and seek justice. The Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women movement raises awareness about the high numbers of missing and murdered Native American women. Major Events in 21st-Century AmericaThere were many significant events in America during the 21st Century; let's take a moment to highlight two of these: Hurricane Katrina and the Legalization of Same-Sex Marriage. Hurricane KatrinaHurricane Katrina touchdown in the Southern United States in August 2005; though it affected multiple states, the most damage was done in Louisiana. The American government was informed that a category five hurricane would strike. Government officials had six days to evacuate and prepare Louisiana for the hurricane's touchdown. The government's handling of Katrina was a failure.
Evacuation of New Orleans, the state capital, only began 24 hours before touchdown, even though the government knew it would take 72 hours to evacuate the city fully. Refugees were told that the Super Dome Stadium was safe to bunker down. The stadium did not have enough food or water, and the people left there had to wait five days after the storm to get supplies. The immediate support of victims of Katrina was a failure because of the government's slow response. It was not declared national significance until 36 hours after the hurricane ended. At least 1,833 people died, and 80% of New Orleans was flooded. Legalization of Same-Sex MarriageIn 2015, the Supreme Court found denying same-sex couples marriage rights was unconstitutional in the Obergefell Vs Hodges case. All states had to recognize the rights of same-sex married couples, which were to be the same as the rights of heterosexual couples.
This landmark decision was because marriage was defined as between a man and a woman in defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) of 1996. Homosexual couples were denied over 1,000 benefits that come from marriage. American Achievements in the 21st CenturyAmerica has made many achievements in the 21st century. In 2004 Mark Zuckerberg launched the social media platform Facebook, which would revolutionize online communication. In 2007, Steve Jobs released the first iPhone. The 21st Century has introduced new technologies at a fast pace. America in the 21st CenturyAmerica has had many accomplishments and setbacks in the 21st century. It is difficult to say what the 21st century will mean on the greater scale of history because we are only two decades into it. We can say that this century has already been quite eventful and will most likely continue to do so. 21st Century America - Key takeaways
A 21st century American is someone who is living in America in the 21st century.
America will survive the 21st century. We have already seen many social changes in America in the first twenty years of the 21st century but cannot predict the outcome of these changes.
America is still a post-slavery country meaning that slavery still affects America today. This is evident in the wage discrepancy, employment discrepancy, and white supremacy that still exist today.
The significant problems in 21st century America include but are not limited to human rights and climate control.
The 21st century American dream is to achieve a comfortable life through hard work.
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Who won over 50% of the popular vote?
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Which candidate ran an independent political campaign?
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What became the primary campaign issue on the minds of the voters?
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The economy (in recession)
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Which candidate pushed for election reform and transparency?
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In 1992, America had recently been successful in which of the following?
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The winner of the electoral vote also won the popular vote.
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The election contained the strongest third-party results since the election of 1912.
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George H.W. Bush ran for re-election against Democrat Ross Perot and a third-party reformer - Bill Clinton
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What is an economic recession?
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A significant decline in economic activity lasting months or years.
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The 1992 election featured
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a focus on the ongoing Cold War
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Bill Clinton was a self-proclaimed..
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What was the result of the 1992 election?
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Bill Clinton took office with a new, moderate approach.
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How can we characterize the role of a third party in American politics as a result of this election?
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A third party was shown to be unable to gain double-digit popular support
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Whose "no new taxes" impacted his candidacy?
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In which state did media scrutiny and legal challenges result in a recount of votes?
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What job did Bush hold in 2000?
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What job did Gore hold in 2000?
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Who was the U.S. President that Gore served under as Vice-President?
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Which third-party candidate received the third-highest amount of popular votes in the 2000 Election?
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What is minimum number of electoral votes needed in order to win in the Electoral College?
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Which of the following statements is true?
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George W. Bush was the son of a U.S. President and brother of the Governor of Maine.
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Which of the following statements is false?
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Al Gore won the electoral vote but lost the popular vote
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The recount of ballots in Florida was impacted by the decision of which institution?
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The 2000 election was the first instance of a presidential candidate winning the electoral vote but losing the popular vote.
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Political polls leading up to the election predicted a strong win by Al Gore.
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America watched the 2000 election and followed issues including which of the following?
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Who was the 2008 Democratic nominee?
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Who was the 2008 Republican nominee?
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What war was going on during the 2008 campaign?
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John McCain's record on reform issues and taking unpopular stances earned him what characterization?
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During the election, Barack Obama and John McCain were both....
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Obama's election in 2008 was controversial because he won the popular vote but not the electoral vote.
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Which factors greatly impacted the 2008 election?
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How could we characterize McCain's military service?
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U.S. Air Force pilot who narrowly evaded capture by enemy forces
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Which campaign challenged the state of the economy and handling by the current administration?
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In the 2008 election, which demographic was won by Obama?
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Obama was a Senator from which state?
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McCain was a Senator from which state?
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Obama's election victory was seen by many as a victory for race relations in America.
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Mitt Romney faced primary challengers who were more _____
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Who was the Democratic nominee in the 2012 election?
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Who was the Republican nominee in the 2012 election?
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Who was the incumbent in the 2012 Presidential election?
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What political position had Mitt Romney held before the 2012 election?
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Who won the 2012 presidential election?
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What controversial response did Barack Obama to the Great Recession?
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What did Mitt Romney controversially say was true about 47% of Americans?
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They don't pay taxes and are dependent on the government
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What Obama program was unpopular with conservatives and Romney tried to differentiate from his program as Masschusetts state governor?
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What did Mitt Romney manage that gave him public exposure before he entered politics?
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Which US president launched the Patriot Act and created the Department of Homeland Security?
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What is the importance of Declaration of the Rights of Man and constitution of 1791 of France?
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