 Show There are over 16 preschool math concepts (also referred to as science process skills or science learning objectives) is part of teaching preschool math. Let's talk about each of those skills now! To learn more about about math in the preschool classroom check out my Preschool Math Page. Children use math all day long! During every activity from counting the steps they climb, to sorting blocks and stating “there are more red ones”, to separating the carnivores from the herbivores (for the dinosaurs’ own safety of course!), children are using math. Knowing the math skills your preschoolers are developing and should be developing will help you plan math across your curriculum and throughout your classroom. 16 Basic Preschool Math Concepts16 of the basic preschool math concepts are:
Preschool math concepts overlap and are interrelated with preschool science concepts. In the field of Mathematics, the skills of classifying, comparing and measuring are referred to as Math Concepts. In the field of science, these skills are referred to as Process Skills. Let’s look more closely at the 16 preschool math concepts your preschoolers learn throughout their preschool years. Note how each skill prepares the way for the next. 1. Observation: Using the senses Observing is the first step in gathering and organizing information. Children use their senses to observe. When given a collection of items (for example apples) children use their senses to observe attributes such as color, size, sweet/sour, texture, and soft/crunchy. 2. Problem Solving: Convergent problem solving is the ability to gather individual pieces of information together in one’s mind and come to a single solution to a problem. Divergent problem solving is the ability to gather many pieces of information and consider a variety of possible solutions to a problem. 3. Language:
Other examples of math language we use in preschool are heavy, light, tall, short, round, rectangular, add to, take away, etc. 4. One-To-One Correspondence This the understanding that one group of items has the same number of items as another. It is any activity where the children match one thing to another thing. For example: 1 button for each bear (see picture below) or 1 paper cup for 1 child, each hand has a mitten. 5. Number Sense Number Sense is the concept of understanding number. It helps children to understand the connections between quantities, counting, more, less, etc. 6. Shapes Shapes are also known as early geometry! That’s right…what is geometry but the study of shapes? At this age, children will not work with formulas for diameters and circumferences, but rather with identifying basic shape names and comparing, sorting, classifying and drawing them. 7. Spatial Sense Spatial sense is the ability to place items in the correct spaces or places using a logical design or a pattern. As an example, we see this when children are working on puzzles. 8. Sets and Classifying Creating sets is the ability to make groups of items in a logical way. It requires the skill of classifying. Classifying is a higher level skill than comparing. After observing and comparing, the children can take the information learned and begin sorting, classifying and grouping in logical ways. They begin to separate items based on observations. They may separate apples by those with and without stems, by size, by color, etc. 9. Ordering/Seriation Order Seriation is another higher level skill than comparing. When ordering or seriating items, the child compares more than two items or groups and places the items in a logical sequence. They may place items in order based on size or shape (such as placing fruit in order from smallest to largest). Or they may place items in order based on first to last (such as placing pictures on a flannel board in order of when they happened in a story). 10. Comparing: Comparing is the ability to identify similarities in items or groups. Once children have had time to explore items, they begin to compare. They begin to notice similarities as well as differences such as same and different colors, weights and sizes of apples.
Patterns are the ability to place items in a specific order that repeats such as: Patterning a pompom caterpillar in an AB pattern—yellow, blue, yellow, blue Patterning the children in a line—boy, girl, boy, girl 12. Counting There are 2 types of counting. Rote Counting- reciting numbers in order from memory. 13. Measurement Measuring includes many areas such as volume, weight, length, height, temperature and time. 14. Parts and Wholes Parts & Wholes is an early fraction skill! Fractions! In Preschool? You bet! At this age, children learn the basics of parts and wholes. Some examples in preschool are: If we break a Graham Cracker (a whole) in half we have 2 pieces and each of those pieces (the parts) are rectangles! We can rip or cut a piece of paper (a whole) in little pieces (parts). 15. Numbers and Symbols When referring to Numbers and Symbols, we are referring to the understanding that a specific number is a symbol and that symbol stands for a set of specific items. 16. Graphing Graphing is a way of recording or communicating observations and data that the children have learned. More Preschool Math InformationPlanning Preschool Math Activities I create daily preschool math activities for Members of my Preschool Cubby membership program (you can learn more about that here). Preschool Math Interest Center There are so many games and materials you can use for math activities in your classroom. Click here to learn how to best set up a preschool math interest center in your classroom and find what types of materials to have on hand! You might also be interested in some awesome fine motor/loose part ideas that go well in a math center as well! Limited Space? No Problem! If you are limited in space in your classroom, here's an article to help you provide math activities to your preschoolers each day in spite of a small classroom! It was originally written as a way to provide science in a small space but works well for math, too! More Math Articles and Learning Ideas!
Your child's success in learning Math depends on mastering these five crucial concepts. They are essential for building a strong foundation in Math. They help your child understand and make sense of numbers and problem-solving; they strengthen his or her number sense. The good news is that it is very easy to help your child understand these concepts. The key is to practice a few minutes several times a day. Make it a family affair so your child does not feel overly stressed. Your child or children will remember the lessons better if they had fun with it. 1. Understanding Numbers The first concept your child must master is knowing how to read, write and understand numbers. Print out 2 sets of the number chart here. Use one set as a reference. Cut out the individual numbers from the second set. Some ideas for you: - read and write numbers - recite a list of numbers forwards and backwards - what number comes before or next - arrange numbers in order (start with consecutive numbers) - even and odd numbers Print out this set of place numbers for older children. 2. More, Less or Equal The next important concept in Math is to know how 2 numbers compare; whether one number is more, less or equal to another number. Numbers represent quantity. Your child must first understand these types of questions.
Followed by these types of questions:
And these types of questions:
No matter how difficult the questions get, they can all be broken down into simple comparisons of more, less or equal.
3. Knowing Which Operation to Use In Basic Maths there are actually only 4 operations your child needs to know: addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Here are some clues to help your child decide which of these to use. Print the following graphic for your child to use as a guide. 4. Different Ways to Get to the Answer When it comes to Math, many children assume there is only one way or method to use to come up with the correct answer. If your child does not understand the teacher's method, he or she assumes that it is because he or she too stupid to understand. You must help your child realize that there can be different ways of understanding a problem and different strategies can be used to find the answer. However, though the strategies may differ, the answer to the question must always be the same.Play this family game: Write out simple word problems on cards. Read out a problem, then each person explains how he or she comes up with the answer. Example Mary has 9 sweets. She bought a few more sweets and now she has 13 sweets. How many sweets did Mary buy? Some methods of solving:
Play this game often and your child will become more flexible and logical in his or her thinking. He or she will automatically look for different ways to solve a hard problem. This will surely help in tackling complicated Math problems later on in school. Teach your child to ask "Is there another way of solving?" when he or she cannot understand one explanation. This will help them realize that failure to understand does not mean they are cannot learn Math. After your child has mastered this Math concept, introduce deliberate mistakes in your reasoning to see if your child can spot and correct them. But do this only after your child has thoroughly understood the different strategies or you'll only end up confusing your child. For older children, you can help them understand the properties of the different operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Sometimes the order that these operations are used does not matter. Sometimes it does. Discuss the different strategies to find out when order matters, and when it doesn't. Example Max bought 3 boxes of pencils. Each box contains 12 pencils. He gave 5 pencils to his brother and 8 pencils to his sister. How many pencils does Max have left? Methods of solving:
I hope these strategies help your child excel in Maths. Share them with other parents whose children struggle with Maths. |
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