The shortest distance between two non bonded atoms in adjacent molecules

van der waals radius is:

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Half the distance between centres of nuclei of two non bonded atoms of adjacent molecules in solid state

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10 Questions 10 Marks 10 Mins

The correct answer is Ethane.

Concept:

• The distance between two adjacent atoms in a molecule is termed as bond length.
• Bond length is a function of the bond order of the molecule. Greater is the bond order, lower is the value of the bond length.
• Bond length is also affected by the type of bond, the size of atoms, hybridization of the molecule, etc.

Explanation:

• Ethyne (C2H2): It is a two-carbon hydrocarbon with a triple bond between the carbon atoms.
  • The bond order is 3.
  • Hybridization is sp.
  • The bond length is 120 pm.
• Benzene (C6H6): It is an aromatic hydrocarbon with a partial double bond between the carbon atoms.
  • The bond order is 1.5.
  • Hybridization is sp2.
  • The bond length is 138 pm.
• Ethane (C2H6): It is a two-carbon hydrocarbon with a single bond between the carbon atoms.
  • The bond order is 1.
  • Hybridization is sp3.
  • The bond length is 154 pm.
• Butene (C4H8): It is a four-carbon hydrocarbon with a single bond between the carbon atoms.
  • The bond order is 1.
  • Hybridization is sp3.
  • The bond length is 153 pm.
• Therefore, the distance between two adjacent carbon atoms is the greatest in ethane.

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• Bond Order: ​
  • The bond order determines the multiplicity of bonds between the atoms.
  • The bond order is based on the molecular orbital (MO) diagram of the molecules.
  • It is calculated by taking the difference in the number of bonding and anti-bonding electrons.
• Hybridization: 
  • ​It exhibits the types and number of orbitals that take part in the bond formation between atoms in a molecule.
  • For example in ethyne, each carbon uses one s-orbital and one p-orbital to indulge in bond formation. so, the hybridization is sp.
  • Greater is the s- character in the hybridization of a molecule, higher is the electronegativity of the participating atoms.
  • sp has 50% s-character, sp2 has 33.3% s-character and sp3 has 25% s-character.

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