Ritualistic procedures intended to humiliate norm violators and mark them as being moral outcasts of the group to which they once belonged are called ________.

The two disciplines that would be most concerned with addressing qualities within the individual to explain deviant behavior are ________ and ________.

Suicide bombers in Iraq are accorded high praise by those who oppose an American presence in the Middle East and are considered heroic warriors. Such honor and praise is an example of a ________.

Sociologists who believe we help to produce our own orientations to life by joining specific groups is most aligned with which sociological perspective?

How would conflict theorists classify migrant workers, seasonal employees, and members of the workforce who are subject to layoffs?

Based on differential association theory, what is the most likely background shared by juvenile delinquents?

They are from families that have a history of being involved in crime.

A group's usual and customary social arrangements, on which its members depend and on which they base their lives, is called ________.

Based on Merton's typologies, what do drug addicts, the homeless, nuns living in a convent, and monks living in a monastery have in common?

According to control theory, when are inner controls most effective in deterring deviant behavior?

In the presence of strong attachments, commitments, and involvement with other members of society.

Sociologists who view law as an instrument of oppression used to control workers are aligned most with which sociological perspective?

Explanations for deviance that focus on genetic predispositions to explain why individuals commit deviant acts are most aligned with which discipline?

Cloward and Ohlin addressed the street hustler as a role model for youth and the methods used to earn easy money through a life of crime. What did they call this career path of delinquency?

illegitimate opportunity structure

Which type of sociologists would consider deviance to be a natural part of society?

In which of the following settings would shaming be LEAST effective?

a large inner-city neighborhood

The theory of behavior in which people who associate with some groups learn an "excess of definitions" of deviance, increasing the likelihood that they will become deviant is ________.

differential control theory

Based on the 2011 edition of the Statistical Abstract in the United States, the state with the lowest rate of violent crime in America is ________, while the state with the highest rate of violent crime is ________.

Susie is a first-year college student. Although she wants to be popular, she has refused invitations to attend underage drinking parties. Susie has a strong respect for authority, even when it conflicts with a simple matter such as attending a college par

The ________ theory developed by Robert Merton is based on the idea that most people want to attain cultural goals, but not everyone has the legitimate means of achieving them.

In The Scarlet Letter, why was Hester Prynne required to wear a scarlet "A" on her dress?

Sociologically, this served as a negative sanction and an example of shaming.

When Anthony worked as a prison counselor he would often ask property offenders why they committed the crime. The overwhelming response was, "I had to feed my family." How would Sykes and Matza classify this response?

appeal to higher loyalties

When Officer Friel discovered Mark smoking marijuana outside the school, he took him home and turned him over to his parents for counseling and treatment as they felt appropriate. He also warned Mark the next time would result in a ride to juvenile hall.

Officer Friel is employing police discretion.

According to Cloward and Ohlin, what is the underlying cause of deviance and delinquency in unstable slums of a city?

illegitimate opportunity structures

Inner and outer controls that work against our tendencies to deviate is known as what theory?

The relativity of deviance is most aligned with which sociological perspective?

What is the most common martial status found among inmates in U.S. state prisons?

Matthew and Ryan are devout Christian Fundamentalists and believe that homosexuality is against God's will and that homosexuals deserve to be punished. They spend a couple evenings each week in gay bashing activities that include physical violence and ver

Of the following, the crime with the highest recidivism rate within three years of release from prison is ________.

According to sociologist Mart�n S�nchez-Jankowski, boys in urban areas are motivated to join gangs for a number of reasons. Which of the following reasons LEAST qualifies as one of the reasons Jankowski discovered why urban youth join gangs?

The early sociologist who argued that deviance might be functional for society was ________.

Napoleon Chagnon's visit to the Yanomam� tribe, where he observed tribe members appearing naked in public, using hallucinogenic drugs, and letting mucus hang from their noses, is a good example of ________.

the cultural relativity of deviance

John desires the best things in life - a fast car, designer clothes, and membership in exclusive clubs. But rather than work his way through the system, he has discovered he can have all these things by selling crack cocaine in the inner city. How would M

Violations of norms and rules that are written into law are officially called ________.

How did psychiatrist Thomas Szasz describe mental illness?

He said mental illness was neither mental nor an illness

The crime with the highest increase among women between 1992 and 2008 was ________.

All of the following theories follow the principles of symbolic interactionism EXCEPT for which one?

Ritualistic procedures intended to humiliate norm violators and mark them as being moral outcasts of the group to which they once belonged are called ________.

The term degradation ceremony was coined by sociologist ________.

In an effort to resist the label of "deviant," most people will develop rationales to justify their deviant acts. Sykes and Matza refer to these rationales as ________.

techniques of neutralization

Why did the "XYY" chromosome theory fall out of favor as an explanation for criminal behavior?

Most criminals do not have XYY and everyone with XYY is not a criminal.

What are the two most significant "anchoring devices" that insulate a person from a life of crime and imprisonment?

The percentage of former prisoners who are rearrested is known as ___________.

Conflict theorists classify the few who own the means of production as ________.

The total prison and jail population in the United States equals approximately ________ people, which is one out of every 135 Americans.

In an effort to resist the label of "deviant," most people will develop rationales to justify their deviant acts. Sykes and Matza refer to these rationales as ________.

techniques of neutralization

The significance of names or reputations given to people when they engage in certain types of behavior is the focus of ________ theory.