All writing is made up of literary devices. Show Literary devices, like the good ‘ole flashback, intentionally uplevel your writing, make it better, more impactful, and craft your writing to hook readers from the introduction. Literary devices are used to:
Although the term “literary devices” can be a wee bit intimidating, they’re actually pretty simple. In fact, you’re likely using a ton of these elements while writing your book and you don’t even realize it…(hint: your favorite TV shows use these all the time). 15 Literary devices to make your writing stronger: What are literary devices?Literary devices are various techniques used in writing to help you express yourself and your ideas in a slightly more creative way, making your writing and world stand out on-page.
Authors use literary devices, like imagery, to help convey their intended perception of the writing for the reader. You probably remember learning about literary devices like personification, foreshadowing, and metaphors in school. While these are very common types of literary elements, there are many more you can use to make your writing stand out in comparison to others. Using these devices will help your writing become stronger and better. When it comes to writing, you always want to be learning more. Why? Because the more you know, the better your writing will be. There’s no need to use every single literary term in your book, but by knowing what’s available for you to use and how to use it strategically, your writing will become stronger and therefore, more captivating to readers. Here is a list of 15 literary devices used by famous and successful authors who know great writing. #1 – AllusionNo, this is not an illusion, though the two can be confused with one another. An allusion is a literary device that references a person, place, thing, or event in the real world. You can use this to paint a clear picture or to even connect with your readers. Allusions are often used as literary elements that help connect the reader to the works. By referencing something the reader may be familiar with within the real world, this invests them more than if you didn’t have any connections.
#2 – DictionDiction is a literary device that’s the choice of words or style used by the writer in order to convey their message. Basically, that’s a fancy way of saying that diction is the way in which the author wants to write to a specific audience. Here are the different types of diction and what they mean:
#3 – AlliterationAlliteration is a literary device that uses the same letters or sounds at the beginning of words in a sentence or title. There are many nursery rhymes that use alliteration but this is also useful for creating something memorable within your writing. You can also use alliteration when choosing the title of your book, as it makes it easier to remember, as you can see in the example of alliterative titles below. #4 – AllegoryAn allegory is a figure of speech where abstract ideas are described using characters, events, or other elements. That’s more of a fancy way of saying that instead of being literal with an idea, you use characters, events, or other elements in order to describe it in a way the reader can better understand. Think of it as a story within a story. You use characters, events, or other means to represent the literal meaning. This one is a little better understood with examples than a definition.
#5 – ColloquialismOne way to increase the world-building in your book is to use colloquialisms. Colloquialisms are expressions, words, and phrases that are used in informal, everyday speech, including slang. You can use these in a couple of different ways. Firstly, you can use these as slang in the real world, and secondly, you can even create your book’s own colloquialisms for their world and culture, and even when writing dialogue.
#6 – EuphemismWe tend to think of euphemisms as sexual euphemisms, which is how they’re often used. However, euphemisms are actually any terms that refer to something impolite or unpleasant. We create phrases or other words in order to avoid using the actual term because they’re impolite, rude, or indecent. Those alternatives are considered euphemisms. This is often why we think of sexual euphemisms when we hear of this literary device. Most individuals would rather make a much lighter comment when referring to something as “indecent” as sex, but the same case is made for when someone dies.
#7 – FlashbacksFlashbacks in literature are when the narrator goes back in time for a specific scene or chapter in order to give more context for the story. Oftentimes, we see flashbacks in books where the past greatly impacts the present or as a way to start a story off on an interesting note. This is seen in Harry Potter whenever Harry gets to see a memory of the past from Dumbledore or even Snape.
#8 – ForeshadowingForeshadowing is when the author places elements within the writing that gives clues about what will happen in the future of the story. These can often be small bits and pieces that some readers might not pick up on the first read-through. They might even look back and realize that certain elements were foreshadowing once they hit the climax or a big plot twist was revealed. Foreshadowing can be both literal and thematic. You can write a scene where there’s a conversation that the reader can’t fully understand the meaning of until more is revealed. You can also write a scene that has symbolic elements that foreshadow events, like placing a black crow in a scene that foreshadows a death, as crows are symbolic of this. If you really want to up your creative writing, you can even create themes to foreshadow within your own world. As an example of this literary device, you can create a culture in which rabbits are a “known” sign of change and conspicuously place a rabbit in a later scene.
We’ve also put together this really helpful video about using foreshadowing in your novels—specifically how to use it effectively without giving away the good stuff. If you like to learn from videos, I cover a ton of great info below: #9 – ImageryThis is one that we briefly touched on above and also one you likely learned in school, though it may have been a while since then so we’ll give you a refresher. Imagery is when you use visually descriptive or figurative language in your writing. Think of it more like showing versus telling in writing where you use more sensory language versus blunt, plain words. You would also use stronger verbs in order to present stronger imagery in your writing.
#10 – PersonificationPersonification is a literary device where you give human-like qualities to non-human elements. This is one of the most well-known literary devices and it’s useful for a number of reasons:
#11 – JuxtapositionJuxtaposition means placing contrasting elements next to one another in order to emphasize one or both, including words, scenes, or themes. This literary device can sound overly fancy but it’s quite simple. Many times, authors will use juxtaposition in order to create a stronger emotional reaction from readers. Think of when a happy moment in a movie or book is followed by a sad, heart-wrenching scene. That scene is made even worse by the fact that we just had our emotions on a high. Juxtaposition can also be used on a smaller scale, with contrasting words or phrases next to each other in order to emphasize both, like in the first example below. However, when it comes to giving your book that “rollercoaster” ride of emotion effect, juxtaposition used on a larger scale can make a huge difference.
This is the most popular literary device that has to be used with caution because if used too much, metaphors and similes can reek of cliches and amateur writing. Metaphors and similes are comparisons used to create better clarification and understanding for readers. While these are similar, they’re quite different.
A metaphor is a comparison between two things that are NOT alike and replaces the word with another word.
Similes are comparisons between two things that are NOT like and replace the word with another word but uses “like” or “as” within it.
#13 – OnomatopoeiaWhile its name may be confusing, this literary device is actually easy to understand once you get past its difficult spelling. An onomatopoeia is a word or phrase that shows you the sound something makes. Since we can’t hear books, this literary device is best used to paint a clear picture and include the sense of hearing in your writing. When using this literary element in writing, the correct formatting is almost always to have the word italicized to show emphasis of the sound.
#14 – SymbolismEvery story uses symbolism in some way. This literary device is the use of a situation or element to represent a larger message, idea, or concept. Many times, authors use symbolism as a way to convey a broader message that speaks to more readers. You can also use symbolism to foreshadow what will happen later in the story.
#15 – ToneThe tone of a book is something that conveys the narrator’s opinion, attitude, or feelings about what is written. This literary device has the power to shape the entire narrative. For example, if you want to catch a reader off-guard when something traumatic or intense happens, keeping the tone light and humorous before the event can increase the sensation of shock and tension. Tone can guide your readers right into the emotion you want them to feel in a particular scene. Ready To Write YOUR Book?Grab a copy of Published. below to get the definitive guide on “how to write a book” PLUS get access to the audiobook, advanced trainings, and additional resources to help you write your book!
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