In what ways does the behavior of real gases differ from that of ideal gases? select all that apply.

In what ways does the behavior of real gases differ from that of ideal gases? select all that apply.
In what ways does the behavior of real gases differ from that of ideal gases? select all that apply.

Under what conditions will a gas most closely follow ideal behavior?

Possible Answers:

Low pressure and low temperature

High pressure and low temperature

Moderate levels of both temperature and pressure

Low pressure and high temperature

High pressure and high temperature

Correct answer:

Low pressure and high temperature

Explanation:

Ideal gases are assumed to have no intermolecular forces and to be composed of particles with no volume. Under high pressure, gas particles are forced closer together and intermolecular forces become a factor. In low temperatures intermolecular forces also increase, since molecules move more slowly, similar to what would occur in a liquid state. Just remember that ideal gas behavior is most closely approximated in conditions that favor gas formation in the first place—heat and low pressure.

Which of the following assumptions is not made by the ideal gas law?

Possible Answers:

The intermolecular interactions follow the Coulomb model of electric repulsion

The molecules move randomly

The van der Waals forces are negligible

The molecules obey Newton's laws of motion at all times

The size of the molecules is much smaller than the container

Correct answer:

The intermolecular interactions follow the Coulomb model of electric repulsion

Explanation:

Under the ideal gas law, we assume that the interactions between the molecules are very brief and that the forces involved are negligible. The assumption that the molecules obey Coulomb's law when interacting with each other is not necessary; rather, an ideal gas must disregard Coulomb's law.

The ideal gas law assumes only Newtonian mechanics, disregarding any intermolecular or electromagnetic forces.

Which of the following factors does not explain why measurements of real gases deviate from ideal values?

Possible Answers:

All of these factors will cause deviation from ideal values

The volume of the gas particles themselves

The volume between the gas particles

Correct answer:

The volume between the gas particles

Explanation:

Measurements of real gases deviate from ideal gas predictions because intermolecular forces and the volume of the particles themselves are not taken into consideration for ideal gases. The volume of the space between particles is considered for ideal gases and does not contribute to deviation from ideal gas behavior.

Attraction between molecules causes real pressure to be slightly less than ideal pressure, while the volume of gas particles causes real volume to be slightly greater than ideal volume.

The definition of ideal pressure for a real gas is given as follows:

In what ways does the behavior of real gases differ from that of ideal gases? select all that apply.

The constant

In what ways does the behavior of real gases differ from that of ideal gases? select all that apply.
signifies the attraction coefficient. This value is positive if the molecules attract each other and is negative if the molecules repel each other.

Which of the following would have a negative attraction coefficient,

In what ways does the behavior of real gases differ from that of ideal gases? select all that apply.
, if found in the gaseous state?

Possible Answers:

Magnesium with an electron configuration of 

In what ways does the behavior of real gases differ from that of ideal gases? select all that apply.

Oxygen with an electron configuration of 

In what ways does the behavior of real gases differ from that of ideal gases? select all that apply.

Correct answer:

Magnesium with an electron configuration of 

Explanation:

The question wants you to pick a molecule that will have a negative attraction coefficient,

In what ways does the behavior of real gases differ from that of ideal gases? select all that apply.
. The question states that the molecules that repel each other will have a negative
In what ways does the behavior of real gases differ from that of ideal gases? select all that apply.
. Recall that similar charges repel each other; therefore, you are looking for an ionized molecule (molecule with a positive or negative charge). In a closed container, these molecules will be force into contact with each other and generate repulsion forces.

Dichloromethane

In what ways does the behavior of real gases differ from that of ideal gases? select all that apply.
 is a neutral molecule. This means that the dichloromethane molecules won’t repel each other. Similarly, sodium chloride is a neutral molecule and will not experience repulsion. Oxygen, with an electron configuration of
In what ways does the behavior of real gases differ from that of ideal gases? select all that apply.
, is also a neutral molecule. If you look at the periodic table, the neutral state of oxygen occurs when there are six valence electrons. The outermost shell of oxygen in this electron configuration
In what ways does the behavior of real gases differ from that of ideal gases? select all that apply.
 has a total of six electrons; therefore, the oxygen has six valence electrons and is neutral.

On the other hand, magnesium, with an electron configuration of

In what ways does the behavior of real gases differ from that of ideal gases? select all that apply.
, is not neutral. Recall that a neutral magnesium atom has two valence electrons and an electron configuration of
In what ways does the behavior of real gases differ from that of ideal gases? select all that apply.
. The magnesium atom in this question, however, has lost two electrons (from the
In what ways does the behavior of real gases differ from that of ideal gases? select all that apply.
 orbital) and became positively charged with a charge of
In what ways does the behavior of real gases differ from that of ideal gases? select all that apply.
; therefore, the magnesium atoms are ionized, will repel each other, and will have a negative
In what ways does the behavior of real gases differ from that of ideal gases? select all that apply.
.

Consider a real gas with a constant amount and a constant pressure. It has a temperature of

In what ways does the behavior of real gases differ from that of ideal gases? select all that apply.
 and a volume of
In what ways does the behavior of real gases differ from that of ideal gases? select all that apply.
. If you double the temperature, what will happen to the volume?

Possible Answers:

The volume will become 

In what ways does the behavior of real gases differ from that of ideal gases? select all that apply.

The volume will become 

In what ways does the behavior of real gases differ from that of ideal gases? select all that apply.

The volume will become greater than 

In what ways does the behavior of real gases differ from that of ideal gases? select all that apply.

The volume will become less than 

In what ways does the behavior of real gases differ from that of ideal gases? select all that apply.

Correct answer:

The volume will become less than 

Explanation:

This question can be solved using either Charles's law or the ideal gas law (converted into the combined gas law).

Charles's Law:

In what ways does the behavior of real gases differ from that of ideal gases? select all that apply.

Ideal Gas Law: 

In what ways does the behavior of real gases differ from that of ideal gases? select all that apply.

The question states that the pressure and moles

In what ways does the behavior of real gases differ from that of ideal gases? select all that apply.
 are held constant; therefore, the volume and temperature are directly proportional. If the question were asking about an ideal gas, the volume would double when you double the temperature

In what ways does the behavior of real gases differ from that of ideal gases? select all that apply.

The volume would double for an ideal gas; however, the question is asking about a real gas. To find the correct relationship between volume and temperature we need to look at the equation for real gas volume. Remember that the volume we are concerned with is the volume of the free space in the container, given by the container volume minus the volume of the gas particles. The equation for real gas volume accounts for the volume of the container and the volume of the gas particles. For a real gas, the volume is given as follows:

In what ways does the behavior of real gases differ from that of ideal gases? select all that apply.

In this equation,

In what ways does the behavior of real gases differ from that of ideal gases? select all that apply.
 is the number of moles of gas particles and
In what ways does the behavior of real gases differ from that of ideal gases? select all that apply.
 is the bigness coefficient. This equation implies that the volume of free space for a real gas is always less than the volume for an ideal gas; therefore, doubling the temperature will produce a volume that is less than the predicted volume for an ideal gas. Our answer, then, must be less than double the initial volume.

Note that for an ideal gas the bigness coefficient,

In what ways does the behavior of real gases differ from that of ideal gases? select all that apply.
, would be zero and the volume of free space
In what ways does the behavior of real gases differ from that of ideal gases? select all that apply.
 would be equal to the volume of the container
In what ways does the behavior of real gases differ from that of ideal gases? select all that apply.
. This occurs because the volume of the gas particles is negligible for an ideal gas.

Which of the following gases would behave the least ideally?

Possible Answers:

In what ways does the behavior of real gases differ from that of ideal gases? select all that apply.

In what ways does the behavior of real gases differ from that of ideal gases? select all that apply.

In what ways does the behavior of real gases differ from that of ideal gases? select all that apply.

In what ways does the behavior of real gases differ from that of ideal gases? select all that apply.

In what ways does the behavior of real gases differ from that of ideal gases? select all that apply.

Correct answer:

Explanation:

For a gas to behave ideally, is should have a low mass and/or weak intermolecular forces. Contrastingly, non-ideal gasses should have very large masses and/or have strong intermolecular forces. Therefore, the correct answer is

In what ways does the behavior of real gases differ from that of ideal gases? select all that apply.
 which has very strong intermolecular forces, hydrogen bonds. Nonpolar gasses such as oxygen, and other diatomic gasses have very weak intermolecular forces and thus behave ideally. 

Which of the following is relevant for real gases, but irrelevant for ideal gases? 

I. Volume of gas particles

II. Intermolecular forces between gas particles

III. Volume of container

Possible Answers:

Explanation:

There are two main assumptions for an ideal gas (and a few smaller assumptions). First, the gas particles of the ideal gas must have no molecular volume. Second, the gas particles must exert no intermolecular forces on each other; therefore, forces such hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole interactions, and London dispersion forces are irrelevant in ideal gases. Other small assumptions of ideal gases include random particle motion (no currents), lack of intermolecular interaction with the container walls, and completely elastic collisions (a corollary of zero intermolecular forces).

For real gases, however, these assumptions are invalid. This means that the real gas particles have molecular volume and exert intermolecular forces on each other. 

Recall that the volume in the ideal gas law is the volume of the free space available inside the container. For ideal gases, the free space volume is equal to the volume of the container because the gas particles take up no volume; however, for real gases, the free space volume is the volume of the container minus the volume of the gas particles. Though the exact values of free space volume will differ, the volume of the container is important for both real and ideal gases.

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In what ways does the behavior of real gases differ from that of ideal gases? select all that apply.