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Types of Plant-Based (Vegetarian) Diets
| Cognitive vegetarian | Those who hold similar beliefs about meat and vegetarian diets, as do vegetarians, and have a lower red-meat consumption than the general population, but do not consider themselves to be semivegetarian or vegetarian.9(p829) |
| Ethical vegetarian | Those who are not vegetarian because of health reasons. Instead, they are vegetarians because they want to minimize cruelty and death in the world. They believe that good health as a result of a vegetarian diet and lifestyle is a pleasant side effect.10 |
| Flexitarian | “Flexitarian” is a term recently coined to describe those who eat a mostly vegetarian diet, but occasionally eat meat. Many people who call themselves “flexitarian” or “semi-vegetarian” have given up red meat for health reasons while others, for environmental reasons, only eat free-range or organic animals and animal products.11 |
| Fruitarian | Includes a minimum of processed or cooked foods. It consists mainly of raw fruit (75%), fruit-like vegetables (eg, tomatoes, cucumbers), grains, and nuts. Fruitarians eat only plant foods that can be harvested without killing the plant.12 |
| Lacto-vegetarian | Lacto-vegetarian is used to describe a vegetarian who does not eat eggs, but does eat dairy products. Many Hindu vegetarians are lacto-vegetarians who avoid eggs for religious reasons while continuing to eat dairy. The prefix “lacto” comes from the Latin word for milk.13 |
| Macrobiotic vegetarian | A diet that excludes all meat, poultry, dairy produce, and eggs but at initial levels may include fish.12 |
| Ovo-vegetarian | Ovo vegetarian refers to people who do not eat meat or dairy products but do eat eggs. Many people are ovo-vegetarians because they are lactose intolerant. The prefix “ovo” comes from the Latin word for egg.14 |
| Ovo-lacto-vegetarian | This is the most popular form of vegetarianism. Ovo-lacto-vegetarians do not eat meat or flesh of any kind, but do eat eggs and dairy products. Sometimes ovo-lacto-vegetarians eat meat by-products (eg, fats, bonemeal, gelatin) and use animal-derived products (leather, etc).12 |
| Pescetarian | Diet excludes meat and fowl but includes fish (although factory-farmed fish are usually avoided).12 |
| Raw foodist | A diet described as an “uncooked” vegan diet, an “uncooked vegetable diet,” or “living foods diet”15(p272) |
| Sproutarian | A diet composed of mostly sprouted seeds, grains, pulses, and rice.12 |
| Vegan | Omission of all animal products from the diet.4(p1627S) |